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Drug: Magnesium

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Magnesium status and magnesium therapy in cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on arrhythmia prevention
Conclusions Magnesium administration post-CS appears to reduce AF without significant adverse events. There is limited evidence to support magnesium administration for prevention of other arrhythmias.
Source: Journal of Critical Care - July 6, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium or placebo in shock refractory ventricular arrhythmia: A Bayesian network meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2017 Source:Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care Author(s): Safi U. Khan, Lydia Winnicka, Muhammad A. Saleem, Hammad Rahman, Najeeb Rehman Recent evidence challenges, the superiority of amiodarone, compared to other anti-arrhythmic medications, as the agent of choice in pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). We conducted Bayesian network and traditional meta-analyses to investigate the relative efficacies of amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium (MgSO4) and placebo as treatments for pulseless VT or VF. Eleven studies [5200...
Source: Heart and Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care - September 28, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Magnesium sulfate therapy after cardiac surgery: a before-and-after study comparing strategies involving bolus and continuous infusion.
CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of a 10 mmol magnesium bolus followed by a continuous infusion over 12 hours achieved a more sustained and moderately elevated magnesium concentration in comparison to a single 20 mmol bolus, despite increased urinary losses of magnesium. Further studies are required to assess a more extended continuous infusion. PMID: 30153783 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Critical Care and Resuscitation - August 30, 2018 Category: Intensive Care Tags: Crit Care Resusc Source Type: research

Prehospital adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium has inferior survival compared with tactical combat casualty care resuscitation in a porcine model of prolonged hemorrhagic shock
CONCLUSION Adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium, as administered in this study, are inferior to current Hextend-based resuscitation for survival from prolonged hemorrhagic shock in this model. In survivors, ALM groups had lower systolic blood pressures and MAPs, but provided a protective effect on coagulopathy as compared to TCCC. Adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium do not appear to be a suitable low volume replacement to current TCCC resuscitation. The reduced coagulopathy compared to TCCC warrants future studies of ALM, perhaps as a therapeutic adjunct.
Source: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care - July 1, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: 2019 EAST PODIUM PAPER Source Type: research

Nimodipine in the current era of subarachnoid hemorrhage management: standard of care or primed for a definitive randomized trial?
We agree with Westermaier and colleagues that magnesium functions as a calcium-channel blocker and therefore has a similar mechanism of action to nimodipine, and with the observation that nimodipine has become the de facto standard of care to prevent vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) despite relatively few trials . However, it does not follow that future trials of other neuroprotective agents should necessarily exclude nimodipine from the experimental group. In the absence of new data, patients in trials of novel therapies for aSAH should continue to receive treatments that their clinicia...
Source: Journal of Critical Care - September 13, 2013 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Eyal Golan, Neill K.J. Adhikari, Damon C. Scales Tags: Letters/Editorials Source Type: research

Reference intervals and age‐related changes for venous biochemical, hematological, electrolytic, and blood gas variables using a point of care analyzer in 68 puppies
ConclusionsVariations exist between puppies and adults for venous POC analyzer results. Adult reference intervals should not be used for puppies as this might cause misinterpretation of the results.
Source: Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care - April 3, 2014 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mauria A. O'Brien, Maureen A. McMichael, Kevin Le Boedec, George Lees Tags: Original Study Source Type: research

A randomised controlled trial of induced hypermagnesaemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
CONCLUSION: Patients assigned a higher serum magnesium concentration had a reduced incidence of vasospasm as seen by angiography, but the difference was not statistically significant. Clinically significant outcomes were not different between groups. A firm recommendation for induced hypermagnesaemia cannot be made from this study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12605000058673. PMID: 23931043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Critical Care and Resuscitation - November 25, 2014 Category: Intensive Care Tags: Crit Care Resusc Source Type: research

Fluid and electrolyte problems in renal dysfunction
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2015 Source:Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine Author(s): Jennifer Oldridge , Swati Karmarkar The primary function of the kidney is to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Each day the kidney must excrete 1500 ml of water and any excess ingested sodium, potassium, magnesium and phosphate. The kidney also plays a key role in calcium homeostasis. Of the total number of patients in intensive care 3–25% will develop acute kidney injury and patients with chronic renal disease will frequently present for surgery. The treatments for renal dysfunction may themselves c...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - May 16, 2015 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Pre-eclampsia and the anaesthetist
Publication date: Available online 3 June 2016 Source:Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine Author(s): Parveez Peer, Kailash Bhatia Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy that forms an integral part of the spectrum known as hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. Its incidence seems to be increasing globally and it remains the fourth most common cause of direct maternal deaths in the UK. Intra-cerebral haemorrhage, pulmonary, liver and renal dysfunctions are recognized complications of pre-eclampsia that contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality. Measurement...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - June 3, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Use of atypical analgesics by intravenous infusion (IV) for acute pain: evidence base for lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2016 Source:Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine Author(s): Ross J. Vanstone, Mark Rockett Atypical analgesics include antiepileptics and other membrane stabilizers (lidocaine and mexiletine), antidepressants, α-2-noradrenergic agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, corticosteroids and cannabinoids. This review will focus on three drugs commonly infused as co-analgesics. We will review the theoretical mechanisms of action, efficacy and clinical effectiveness of lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium. The evidence base supporting their use has expanded in recent ...
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - August 3, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

The LITFL Review 105
Welcome to the 105th edition! The LITFL Review is your regular and reliable source for the highest highlights, sneakiest sneak peaks and loudest shout-outs from the webbed world of emergency medicine and critical care. Each week the LITFL team casts the spotlight on the best and brightest from the blogosphere, the podcast video/audiosphere and the rest of the Web 2.0 social media jungle to find the most fantastic EM/CC FOAM (Free Open Access Meducation) around. The Most Fair Dinkum Ripper Beaut of the Week Emergency Medicine Ireland Andy Neil smashes out the top spot this week with his awesome review of the evidence surro...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - June 10, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Doctors Authors: Kane Guthrie Tags: Education eLearning Emergency Medicine Featured Health Intensive Care LITFL review LITFL R/V Source Type: blogs

Applying Human Centered Design to IV Infusions: Interview with Dr. Beth Kolko, CEO of Shift Labs
With the aspiration to address healthcare gaps around globe by applying human centered design to medical technologies, Shift Labs, a 2015 Y Combinator company, is first tackling the infusion market with DripAssist. Formerly known as Drip Clip, as rep...
Source: Medgadget - November 2, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Michael Batista Tags: Anesthesiology Cardiology Critical Care Emergency Medicine Exclusive Pediatrics Source Type: blogs

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus deficiency in critically ill children
Conclusion Hypophosphatemia was the most frequent and under estimated electrolyte disturbance in our study.
Source: Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette - April 3, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Anti ‑platelet activity of mineral‑balanced deep sea water is mediated via the regulation of Akt and ERK pathway crosstalk.
This study investigated the effects of MBDSW [magnesium (Mg):calcium (Ca) ratio, 3:1] on platelet activation. MBDSW significantly inhibited the collagen‑ and thrombin‑induced platelet aggregation of human platelets. In collagen‑induced platelets, MBDSW inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization, granule secretion [serotonin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and P‑selectin expression] and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. Moreover, MBDSW markedly inhibited Akt and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, but not that of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Moreover, MBDSW phosphorylated ino...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - December 9, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nam GS, Lee KS, Nam KS Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research