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The WHO claims estrogens are 'carcinogenic': is this true?
Climacteric. 2023 Apr 17:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2196002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEstrogens are in the list of carcinogenic chemicals from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, estrogens require additional factors such as stromal factors or progestogens to increase the ratio of proliferation/apoptosis for initiation of replication errors and consequent mutations to occur. These mutations require at least 5-10 years to develop into clinically detectable cancer, whereby this review is focused on breast cancer. The US National Cancer Institute highlighted a second mechanism of carcinogenicity: certain es...
Source: Climacteric - April 17, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Authors: X Ruan A O Mueck Source Type: research

Medical methods for first trimester abortion
CONCLUSIONS: Safe and effective medical abortion methods are available. Combined regimens (prostaglandin combined with mifepristone, letrozole, estradiol valerate, tamoxifen, or methotrexate) may be more effective than single agents (prostaglandin alone or mifepristone alone). In the combined regimen, the dose of mifepristone can probably be lowered to 200 mg without significantly decreasing effectiveness. Vaginal misoprostol is probably more effective than oral administration, and may have fewer side effects than sublingual or buccal. Some results are limited by the small numbers of participants on which they are based. A...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 24, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jing Zhang Kunyan Zhou Dan Shan Xiaoyan Luo Source Type: research

Sexual hormones and diabetes: The impact of estradiol in pancreatic β cell
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2021;359:81-138. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.004. Epub 2021 Mar 16.ABSTRACTDiabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) point-out that diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation and estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by it in 2016. Population studies show that the incidence of this disease increases in women after menopause, when the production of estrogen is decreasing in them. Knowing the impact that estrogenic sign...
Source: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology - April 9, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Beatriz Merino Marta Garc ía-Arévalo Source Type: research

Sexual hormones and diabetes: The impact of estradiol in pancreatic beta cell
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2021;359:81-138. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.004. Epub 2021 Mar 16.ABSTRACTDiabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) point-out that diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation and estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by it in 2016. Population studies show that the incidence of this disease increases in women after menopause, when the production of estrogen is decreasing in them. Knowing the impact that estrogenic sign...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - April 9, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Beatriz Merino Marta Garc ía-Arévalo Source Type: research

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