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Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-associated encephalitis: a case series and review of the literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Encephalitis should be suspected in patients treated with ICIs who present with rapidly evolving confusion. Blood tests, CSF analysis, cerebral MRI and an EEG should be performed. Therapy with intravenous corticosteroids is recommended. Steroid unresponsiveness is rare and should lead to a review of the diagnosis. Alternative treatment options are IVIG, plasma exchange therapy and rituximab. &nbsp. PMID: 33232507 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Swiss Medical Weekly - November 16, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Stuby J, Herren T, Schwegler Naumburger G, Papet C, Rudiger A Tags: Swiss Med Wkly Source Type: research

Small-world network of patients with primary insomnia: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2021 Mar 25;41(3):424-429. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.03.16.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of small-world network properties in patients with primary insomnia based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).OBJECTIVE: The rs-MRI data and neurological scale data of 65 patients and 60 matched healthy controls were collected. The brain network was constructed using GRENTA software. SPSS software and network-based statistical analysis methods were used for statistical analysis.OBJECTIVE: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms...
Source: Journal of Southern Medical University - April 14, 2021 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: W Huang Z Li S Wu J Hong G Wen Source Type: research

Development and assessment of a new 3D neuroanatomy teaching tool for MRI training
A computerized three‐dimensional (3D) neuroanatomy teaching tool was developed for training medical students to identify subcortical structures on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) series of the human brain. This program allows the user to transition rapidly between two‐dimensional (2D) MRI slices, 3D object composites, and a combined model in which 3D objects are overlaid onto the 2D MRI slices, all while rotating the brain in any direction and advancing through coronal, sagittal, or axial planes. The efficacy of this tool was assessed by comparing scores from an MRI identification quiz and survey in two groups of fi...
Source: Anatomical Sciences Education - January 8, 2015 Category: Anatomy Authors: Zachary A. Drapkin, Kristen A. Lindgren, Michael J. Lopez, Maureen E. Stabio Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Neural basis of nonanalytical reasoning expertise during clinical evaluation
ConclusionsThese findings reveal a multinetwork system that supports the dual‐process mode of expert clinical reasoning during medical evaluation. This study utilized established educational theory, two separate participant groups (experts and novices), as well as task items that have been validated and arguably represent the “gold standard” for clinical reasoning, to provide evidence that expertise involves a distributed and refined brain network during nonanalytical reasoning.
Source: Brain and Behavior - January 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Steven J. Durning, Michelle E. Costanzo, Anthony R. Artino, John Graner, Cees Vleuten, Thomas J. Beckman, Christopher M. Wittich, Michael J. Roy, Eric S. Holmboe, Lambert Schuwirth Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Functional Interactions Between Large-Scale Networks During Memory Search
Neuroimaging studies have identified two major large-scale brain networks, the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN), which are engaged for internally and externally directed cognitive tasks respectively, and which show anticorrelated activity during cognitively demanding tests and at rest. We identified these brain networks using independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and examined their interactions during the free-recall task, a self-initiated memory search task in which retrieval is performed in the absence of external cues. Despite the internally ...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - February 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kragel, J. E., Polyn, S. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD
Conclusions: Limited activation patterns in ARND suggest problems in information processing along the ventral frontoparietal attention pathway. Poor integrity of the ILF, which connects the functional components of the ventral attention network, in ARND subjects may contribute to the attention deficits characteristic of the disorder.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - March 4, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Carrie R O’ConaillKrisztina L MaliszaJoan L BussR BolsterChristine ClancyPatricia de GervaiAlbert E ChudleySally Longstaffe Source Type: research

White Matter Hyperintensities among Older Adults Are Associated with Futile Increase in Frontal Activation and Functional Connectivity during Spatial Search
by Samuel N. Lockhart, Steven J. Luck, Joy Geng, Laurel Beckett, Elizabeth A. Disbrow, Owen Carmichael, Charles DeCarli The mechanisms by which aging and other processes can affect the structure and function of brain networks are important to understanding normal age-related cognitive decline. Advancing age is known to be associated with various disease processes, including clinically asymptomatic vascular and inflammation processes that contribute to white matter structural alteration and potential injury. The effects of these processes on the function of distributed cognitive networks, however, are poorly understood. We...
Source: PLoS One - March 20, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Samuel N. Lockhart et al. Source Type: research