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Specialty: Reproduction Medicine

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Total 316 results found since Jan 2013.

Human chorionic gonadotropin controls luteal vascular permeability via vascular endothelial growth factor by down-regulation of a cascade of adhesion proteins
Conclusion(s): These results demonstrate for the first time that VE-cadherin, nectin 2, and claudin 5 are involved in the regulation of vascular permeability in a mutually interacting manner, which indicates their prominent role for the functionality of the human corpus luteum.
Source: Fertility and Sterility - February 26, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Daniel Herr, Hamish M. Fraser, Regina Konrad, Iris Holzheu, Rolf Kreienberg, Christine Wulff Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

A Novel Role for FOXO3 in Human Labor: Increased Expression in Laboring Myometrium, and Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Labor Mediators in Pregnant Human Myometrial Cells.
Abstract Preterm birth is the leading factor causing neonatal mortality and morbidity. Inflammation plays a central role in stimulating uterine contractility, which is responsible for approximately one-third of all preterm births. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) regulates inflammation in non-gestational tissues such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine the effect of (i) human term labor on myometrial FOXO3 expression, and (ii) FOXO3 inhibition and FOXO3 overexpression on pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators in human myometria...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 1, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

SMAD7 Antagonizes Key TGFβ Superfamily Signaling in Mouse Granulosa Cells in vitro.
Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily signaling is essential for female reproduction. Dysregulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway can cause reproductive diseases. SMAD [SMA and MAD (Mothers against decapentaplegic)] proteins are downstream signaling transducers of the TGFβ superfamily. SMAD7 is an inhibitory SMAD that regulates TGFβ signaling in vitro. However, the function of SMAD7 in the ovary remains poorly defined. To determine the signaling preference and potential role of SMAD7 in the ovary, we herein examined the expression, regulation, and function of SMAD7 in mouse granulosa cells....
Source: Reproduction - April 30, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Gao Y, Wen H, Wang C, Li Q Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

The Canonical WNT2 Pathway and FSH Interact to Regulate Gap Junction Assembly in Mouse Granulosa Cells.
Abstract WNTs are extracellular signaling molecules that exert their actions through receptors of the frizzled (FZD) family. Previous work indicated that WNT2 regulates cell proliferation in mouse granulosa cells acting through CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), a key component in canonical WNT signaling. In other cells, WNT signaling has been shown to regulate expression of connexin43 (CX43), a gap junction protein, as well as gap junction assembly. Since previous work had demonstrated that CX43 is also essential in ovarian follicle development, the objective of this study was to determine if WNT2 regulates CX43 expression a...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang HX, Gillio-Meina C, Chen S, Gong XQ, Li TY, Bai D, Kidder GM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Regulation of the Activin-Inhibin-Follistatin System by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Zebrafish Ovary.
Abstract In the zebrafish, the dynamic expression of the activin-inhibin-follistatin system during folliculogenesis and its exclusive localization (except follistatin) in the follicle cells suggest that the system plays important roles in follicle development and its expression is subject to tight controls, probably by external factors including those derived from the oocyte. We have previously identified zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as oocyte factors that may act on the follicle cells; however, the targets of BMPs in the follicle cells remain unknown. Considering their spatiotemporal expression in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Li CW, Ge W Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

ER{beta}-dependent effects on uterine endothelial cells are cell specific and mediated via Sp1
STUDY QUESTION What are the in vitro effects of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) activation on the function of endothelial cells (ECs) from different vascular beds: human endometrial ECs (HEECs; endometrium), uterine myometrial microvascular ECs (UtMVECs; myometrium) and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs)? SUMMARY ANSWER Studies conducted in vitro demonstrate that the ERβ agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) has EC type-specific effects on patterns of gene expression and network formation. Identification of a key role for the transcription factor Sp1 in ERβ-dependent signaling in uterine ECs o...
Source: Human Reproduction - August 21, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Greaves, E., Collins, F., Critchley, H. O. D., Saunders, P. T. K. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

The ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Regulates 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Human Trophoblast Cells Through a Transcriptional Mechanism.
Abstract The placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene) plays a key role in fetal development, but its regulation is incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that p38 MAPK was a positive regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. However, it remains unknown if the other two MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK, were also involved. In the present study, we identified ERK1/2 as an important regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. We showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 with the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 led to a 3-fold increase in 11β-HSD2 activity, protein, and mRNA in primary human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 21, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Guan H, Sun K, Yang K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4) regulates human trophoblast function
Discussion and conclusion: This is the first demonstration of the production and function of CSPG4 in human placentation. These data suggest that locally produced CSPG4 stimulates human EVT migration and invasion and suggests that IL11 and LIF regulate villous cytotrophoblast differentiation towards the invasive phenotype at least in part via CSPG4.
Source: Placenta - August 19, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Van Sinderen, C. Cuman, A. Winship, E. Menkhorst, E. Dimitriadis Tags: Invasion/migration Source Type: research

The effects of syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and ASCT2 for the cell fusion in human placental BeWo cells
Introduction: Syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, the human endogenous retrovirus envelope proteins, are highly expressed in the placenta, and contributes to placental fusion. ASCT2 is a syncytin-1 receptor. The alteration of these gene expressions in pre-eclampsia has been reported. To investigate the effects of syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and ASCT2 for fusion activity, we use siRNA technique in human placental BeWo cells.
Source: Placenta - September 9, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Takahiro Nobuzane, Yoshiki Kudo Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)－S1P receptor signaling regulates EVT cell invasion
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known as a sphingolipid involved in a cell invasion and proliferation in the several tissues. S1P has been reported to play a role in the labor onset through the COX-2 induction. However, S1P-S1PR functions during the pregnancy remains largely unknown. We aimed to study the role of S1P and it receptors in the extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). S1P receptor (S1PR) 1-5 and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) expressed in the EVT cell lines which were HTR8/SVneo, Hch-Epc and Swan71. ATP-binding cassette ABCC1 which involved in the release of S1P, expressed in these EVT cell lines. These result ind...
Source: Placenta - September 9, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rika Miki, Tomoni Kotani, Seiji Sumigama, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Yukio Mano, Fumitaka Kikkawa Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

The chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG4) regulates human trophoblast function
Discussion and conclusion: This is the first demonstration of the production and function of CSPG4 in human placentation. These data suggest that locally produced CSPG4 stimulates human EVT migration and invasion and suggests that IL11 and LIF regulate villous cytotrophoblast differentiation towards the invasive phenotype at least in part via CSPG4.
Source: Placenta - August 19, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Van Sinderen, C. Cuman, A. Winship, E. Menkhorst, E. Dimitriadis Tags: Invasion/migration Source Type: research

The effects of syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and ASCT2 for the cell fusion in human placental BeWo cells
Introduction: Syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, the human endogenous retrovirus envelope proteins, are highly expressed in the placenta, and contributes to placental fusion. ASCT2 is a syncytin-1 receptor. The alteration of these gene expressions in pre-eclampsia has been reported. To investigate the effects of syncytin-1, syncytin-2 and ASCT2 for fusion activity, we use siRNA technique in human placental BeWo cells.
Source: Placenta - September 18, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Takahiro Nobuzane, Yoshiki Kudo Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)－S1P receptor signaling regulates EVT cell invasion
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known as a sphingolipid involved in a cell invasion and proliferation in the several tissues. S1P has been reported to play a role in the labor onset through the COX-2 induction. However, S1P-S1PR functions during the pregnancy remains largely unknown. We aimed to study the role of S1P and it receptors in the extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). S1P receptor (S1PR) 1-5 and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) expressed in the EVT cell lines which were HTR8/SVneo, Hch-Epc and Swan71. ATP-binding cassette ABCC1 which involved in the release of S1P, expressed in these EVT cell lines. These result ind...
Source: Placenta - September 18, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rika Miki, Tomoni Kotani, Seiji Sumigama, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Yukio Mano, Fumitaka Kikkawa Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Granulosa Cells from Emerged Antral Follicles of the Bovine Ovary Initiate Inflammation in Response to Bacterial Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns via Toll-Like Receptor Pathways.
In conclusion, bovine granulosa cells from emerged follicles sense bacterial PAMPs and initiate inflammatory responses via TLR2 and TLR4 pathways. PMID: 24089202 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproductive Biology - October 2, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Price JC, Sheldon IM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Identification of CD147 (basigin) as a mediator of trophoblast functions
STUDY QUESTION Does CD147 regulate trophoblast functions in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER CD147 exists as a receptor complex on human trophoblast and regulates the implantation, invasion and differentiation of trophoblast. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CD147 is a membrane protein implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions due to its regulation of cell–cell recognition, cell differentiation and tissue remodeling. Reduced placental CD147 expression is associated with pre-eclampsia, but the mechanism of actions remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A loss of function approach or functional blocking ...
Source: Human Reproduction - October 11, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee, C.-L., Lam, M. P. Y., Lam, K. K. W., Leung, C. O. N., Pang, R. T. K., Chu, I. K., Wan, T. H. L., Chai, J., Yeung, W. S. B., Chiu, P. C. N. Tags: Early pregnancy Source Type: research