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Laboratory Aspects of Donor Screening for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation at a Korean Fecal Microbiota Bank.
We report the donor screening process and outcomes at a fecal microbiota bank in Korea. From August 2017 to June 2020, the qualification of 62 individuals as FMT donors was evaluated using clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Forty-six (74%) candidates were excluded after clinical assessment; high body mass index (>25) was the most common reason for exclusion, followed by atopy, asthma, and allergy history. Four of the remaining 16 (25%) candidates failed to meet laboratory test criteria, resulting in a 19% qualification rate. FMT donor re-qualification was conducted monthly as an additional safety control measure,...
Source: Annals of Laboratory Medicine - February 6, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Tags: Ann Lab Med Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jiroveci.
Abstract Pneumocystis jiroveci remains an important fungal pathogen in a broad range of immunocompromised hosts. The natural reservoir of infection remains unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) develops via airborne transmission or reactivation of inadequately treated infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among immunocompromised hosts. Subclinical infection or colonization may occur. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs most often within 6 months of organ transplantation and with intensified or prolonged immunosuppression, notably with corticosteroids. Infection is also common during ne...
Source: Respiratory Care - January 31, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fishman JA Tags: Semin Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 141-157 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399559 Pneumocystis jiroveci remains an important fungal pathogen in a broad range of immunocompromised hosts. The natural reservoir of infection remains unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) develops via airborne transmission or reactivation of inadequately treated infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among immunocompromised hosts. Subclinical infection or colonization may occur. Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs most often within 6 months of organ transplantation and with intensified or prolonged immunosuppression, notabl...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 29, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fishman, Jay A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiencies: the European experience
We report on the most recent HSCT European results and suggest some opportunities for better treatment of certain PIDs. Progress on gene therapy is also discussed, as it emerges as an interesting option for PIDs management. SummaryProgress in the treatment of primary immune deficiency with HSCT requires a better understanding of the pathophysiology and specificity of each of these diseases, allowing us to determine the best options in terms of donor, conditioning regimen, modification of the allograft and immunosuppressive therapy. Alternative therapies – such as gene therapy – emerge as an interesting option for some PIDs.
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - October 24, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: PRIMARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY DISEASE: Edited by Ramsay L. Fuleihan and Bruce D. Mazer Source Type: research

Molecular Defects in Mastocytosis: KIT and Beyond KIT
In all variants of mastocytosis, activating KIT mutations are frequently found. In adults, neoplastic mast cells (MCs) cells show the KIT mutation D816V, whereas in children, MCs invading the skin are frequently positive for non-KIT D816V mutations. The clinical course and prognosis of the disease vary among patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). Additional KIT-independent molecular defects might cause progression. Additional oncogenic lesions have recently been identified in advanced SM. In advanced SM the presence of additional genetic lesions or altered signaling worsening the prognosis might lead to the use of alter...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - April 17, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Siham Bibi, Florent Langenfeld, Sylvie Jeanningros, Fabienne Brenet, Erinn Soucie, Olivier Hermine, Gandhi Damaj, Patrice Dubreuil, Michel Arock Source Type: research