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Policy Implications of the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Ten Years of Malaria Control Impact Assessments in Hypo-, Meso-, and Holoendemic Transmission Zones in Zambia and Zimbabwe
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 11;107(4_Suppl):68-74. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1288. Print 2022 Oct 11.ABSTRACTThe International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) were established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases more than a decade ago to provide multidisciplinary research support to malaria control programs worldwide, operating in endemic areas and contributing technology, expertise, and ultimately policy guidance for malaria control and elimination. The Southern and Central Africa ICEMR has conducted research across three main sites in Zambia and Zimbabwe that differ in ecology, ent...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - October 13, 2022 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Amy Wesolowski Matthew M Ippolito Mary E Gebhardt Ellen Ferriss Jessica L Schue Tamaki Kobayashi Mike Chaponda Jean-Bertin Kabuya Mbanga Muleba Monicah Mburu Japhet Matoba Michael Musonda Ben Katowa Mukuma Lubinda Harry Hamapumbu Limonty Simubali Twig Mud Source Type: research

Hyper-eosinophilic syndrome: An uncommon cause of chronic abdominal pain in an elderly male.
We report an elderly male with a history of bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnoea and food allergy who presented with chronic abdominal pain and weight loss. Abdominal examination and routine evaluation were essentially normal other than a peripheral hyper-eosinophilia. We witnessed a brisk and lasting response to an elimination diet and corticosteroids. PMID: 33472567 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Tropical Doctor - January 20, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Praharaj DL, Mallick B, Nath P, Panigrahi SC, Anand AC, Sharma R Tags: Trop Doct Source Type: research

< i > Anisakis simplex < /i > products impair intestinal epithelial barrier function and occludin and zonula occludens-1 localisation in differentiated Caco-2 cells
Conclusions/SignificanceOur results demonstrate thatA.simplex induces an early and reversible alteration of integrity and permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayer and that an underlying mechanism of this effect would involve the oxidative stress and disruption of epithelial tight junctions. Additionally, it has been shown that Ani s 4 allergen is able to cross the epithelial barrier. These findings could explain the increased intestinal permeability observed inAnisakis-sensitized patients, the changes over time in IgE sensitization toA.simplex allergens, and the specific IgE persistence inAnisakis allergy.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - July 5, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Noelia Carballeda-Sangiao Source Type: research

Urticaria and silent parasitism by Ascaridoidea: Component-resolved diagnosis reinforces the significance of this association
The objectives of this study were to analyse a possible relationship between parasitism by Ascarididae (Toxocara canis andAnisakis simplex) and the clinical expression of urticaria and to identify possible parasitic molecular markers for improving the diagnosis of unknown urticaria aetiology. The prevalence ofToxocara andAnisakis infestations was evaluated by measuring the levels of specific IgG (sIgG) and IgE (sIgE) antibodies against crude extracts and isolated components from whole larvae ofAnisakis simplex (Ani s 1, Ani s 3 and Ani s 7) andToxocara canis (TES-120, TES-70, TES-32 and TES-26) using immunologic and molecu...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 2, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marta Vi ñas Source Type: research

Understanding the Liver-Stage Biology of Malaria Parasites: Insights to Enable and Accelerate the Development of a Highly Efficacious Vaccine.
Abstract In August 2017, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a meeting, entitled "Understanding the Liver-Stage Biology of Malaria Parasites to Enable and Accelerate the Development of a Highly Efficacious Vaccine," to discuss the needs and strategies to develop a highly efficacious, whole organism-based vaccine targeting the liver stage of malaria parasites. It was concluded that attenuated sporozoite platforms have proven to be promising approaches, and that late-arresting sporozoites could potentially offer greater vaccine performance than early-arresting sporozoites against malar...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 20, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mo AX, McGugan G Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Human Helminths and Allergic Disease: The Hygiene Hypothesis and Beyond.
Abstract There is much debate about the interaction between helminths and allergic disease. The "Hygiene Hypothesis," a very popular concept among scientists and the lay public, states that infections, especially during childhood, can protect against allergic diseases. Indeed, helminth infections are known to induce regulatory responses in the host that can help the control of inflammation (including allergic inflammation). However, these infections also induce type-2-associated immune responses including helminth-specific IgE that can cross-react against environmental allergens and mediate IgE-driven effector res...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 28, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Santiago HC, Nutman TB Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

The < i > Anisakis < /i > Transcriptome Provides a Resource for Fundamental and Applied Studies on Allergy-Causing Parasites
Conclusions/Significance This study represents a first step towards providing the research community with a curated dataset to use as a molecular resource for future investigations of the biology of Anisakis , including molecules putatively acting as allergens, using functional genomics, proteomics and immunological tools. Ultimately, an improved knowledge of the biological functions of these molecules in the parasite, as well as of their immunogenic properties, will assist the development of comprehensive, reliable and robust diagnostic tools.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - July 28, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Fiona J. Baird Source Type: research

The Role of Helminth Infection and Environment in the Development of Allergy: A Prospective Study of Newly-Arrived Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel
by Miguel Stein, Zalman Greenberg, Mona Boaz, Zeev T. Handzel, Mesfin K. Meshesha, Zvi Bentwich Helminth infection may be protective against allergy and account for the low prevalence of allergy in developing countries. We studied prospectively the prevalence of allergy in Ethiopian immigrants with heavy helminth infection on arrival in Israel, and again after a year of adjustment to an urban industrialized setting, to explore the roles of helminth infection, changed environment and background immunity on the manifestations of allergy. 126 newly arrived Ethiopian immigrants were studied at baseline and 115 after a year of...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - January 11, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Miguel Stein et al. Source Type: research

Human Ascariasis Increases the Allergic Response and Allergic Symptoms
Abstract Ascariasis is still very prevalent; one billion people are infected all around the world. In rural areas, severe ascariasis impairs the immune responses to natural infections and vaccination programs. However, in urbanized areas, improved hygiene conditions and periodic anthelmintic treatments have led to light forms of ascariasis, where parasite-induced immunosuppressive effects are surpassed by the immunostimulating effects of the infection. During the last years, the clinical impact of this type of ascariasis on allergic diseases, especially asthma, has been well documented, and it is currently accepte...
Source: Current Tropical Medicine Reports - September 30, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research