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Total 1364 results found since Jan 2013.

In memoriam: Dr. John Fahey, pioneer in immunology and HIV research
Dr. John L. Fahey, an emeritus professor in the departments of microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics and of medicine, and a key member of the UCLA AIDS Institute, passed away unexpectedly on August 19 while working on various projects in Boulder, Colorado. He was 89. Fahey completed his undergraduate work at Ohio State University in 1944, received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1951 and was trained in internal medicine at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. While working at the National Institutes of Health in the late 1950s and 1960s, Fahey discovered the human antibody Immunoglobulin D (...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - September 12, 2014 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Severe manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy before 2 years of age
Conclusions Severe TB manifestations were observed among young HIV-infected children on ART.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - October 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Walters, E., Duvenhage, J., Draper, H. R., Hesseling, A. C., Van Wyk, S. S., Cotton, M. F., Rabie, H. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Infection (neurology), Ophthalmology, Child health, Infant health, Sexual health Original article Source Type: research

Successful outcome of renal transplantation in a child with HIV-associated nephropathy
We report the successful outcome of living related renal transplantation in a vertically transmitted HIV-infected 8-year-old girl with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis due to HIVAN. The pretransplant preparations and post-transplant care, with particular emphasis on immunosuppression and avoidance of opportunistic infections, are discussed.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - October 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shroff, R. C., McCulloch, M., Novelli, V., Shingadia, D., Bradley, S., Clapson, M., Mamode, N., Marks, S. D. Tags: Urology, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Child health, Renal medicine, Sexual health, Artificial and donated transplantation Case report Source Type: research

Question 1: Should newborns of mothers with isolated antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen be immunised?
Scenario The midwife calls you to assess a newborn in the delivery room. The pregnancy was uneventful, but the mother's serology results show the following: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative, antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) negative, but antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive. You wonder if the baby is at risk for perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) requiring preventive measures at this time. Structured clinical question Does a newborn of a mother with isolated antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen need immunisation (intervention) to prevent ...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - October 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pramana, I., Heininger, U., Ritz, N. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Liver disease, Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Hepatitis and other GI infections, HIV/AIDS, Vaccination / immunisation, Pregnancy, Reproductive medicine, Child health, Infant health, Sexua Source Type: research

Ebola virus disease: where are we now and where do we go?
Despite its vivid place in the popular imagination, conjuring up images of germ warfare and Hollywood blockbusters, Ebola has previously affected a relatively small number of people. Prior to 2014, approximately 2400 people were infected, with just over 1500 deaths in the four decades since its 1976 discovery in Zaire and Sudan.1 Smaller outbreaks occurred in the late 1970s, with sporadic, larger ones each numbering under 500 cases seen in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) and Uganda in the 1990s, 2000s and early 2010s. Ebola virus disease (EVD) was therefore largely thought to be an exotic, tropical disease confine...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - October 20, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Brown, C. S., Cropley, I. M. Tags: Emergency medicine, Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Editor's choice, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Broadly Neutralizing Human Anti-HIV Monoclonal Antibody 10E8 and Related Antibodies Capable of Neutralizing Most HIV-1 Strains
The uses for human anti-HIV monoclonal antibody 10E8 and its variants include passive immunization, therapeutic vaccination, and the development of vaccine immunogens. 10E8 is one of the most potent HIV-neutralizing antibodies isolated and it neutralizes up to 98% of diverse HIV-1 strains. 10E8 is specific to the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV envelope protein gp41 and 10E8 is orthogonal to other anti-HIV antibodies. In combination with other antibodies 10E8 may provide an antibody response that neutralizes nearly all strains of HIV-1. Additionally, 10E8 effectively induces antibody-dependent cellular ...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - May 1, 2012 Category: Research Authors: admin Source Type: research

NIH-led Study Explores Prevention of Heart Disease in HIV-infected People
Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - Related MedlinePlus Pages: Heart Diseases--Prevention, Living with HIV/AIDS
Source: MedlinePlus Health News - October 30, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Question 2: A pointed question: is a child at risk following a community-acquired needlestick injury?
Scenario You are asked to see a previously well 5-year-old boy who presented to the accident and emergency department. While playing in a public park he picked up a discarded 1 mL syringe with an attached 27-gauge needle and punctured the skin of his hand. His mother asks, "Will he catch AIDS? What should we do now?" Structured clinical question In a child with a community-acquired needlestick injury (CA-NSI) (patient, intervention), what is the risk of blood-borne virus (BBV) transmission (outcome)? Introduction CA-NSI in children causes significant parental anxiety. The risk of HIV and hepatitis virus transmission f...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - November 13, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Osowicki, J., Curtis, N. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Liver disease, Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Hepatitis and other GI infections, HIV/AIDS, Child health, Sexual health, Trauma, Environmental issues, Guidelines, Health education, Injury, Health promotion Source Type: research

UCLA study: To stop spread of HIV, African governments should target hot zones
David Gerberry Efficiency of reducing transmission of HIV in South African provinces, from red (best) to orange (moderate) to green (worst). Blue and pink bars show prevalence of HIV for men and women, respectively. While Ebola has attracted much of the world’s attention recently, a severe HIV epidemic rages on around the world and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. Globally, more than 34 million people are infected with HIV; in sub-Saharan Africa alone, 3 million new infections occur annually. In an attempt to stop the spread of HIV, governments in the region are considering providing antiretroviral drugs to people w...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - December 2, 2014 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

NIH statement on World AIDS Day 2014
Remarkable progress has been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS since the first annual World AIDS Day was commemorated 26 years ago. Yet, we are still far from achieving our goal of a world without AIDS.   Statement by  Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Jack Whitescarver, Ph.D., Director, NIH Office of AIDS Research Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D, NIH Director
Source: NIAAA News - December 2, 2014 Category: Addiction Authors: groa Source Type: news

Partner-based adherence intervention for second-line antiretroviral therapy (ACTG A5234): a multinational randomised trial
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2014 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Robert Gross , Lu Zheng , Alberto La Rosa , Xin Sun , Susan L Rosenkranz , Sandra Wagner Cardoso , Francis Ssali , Rob Camp , Catherine Godfrey , Susan E Cohn , Gregory K Robbins , Anthony Chisada , Carole L Wallis , Nancy R Reynolds , Darlene Lu , Steven A Safren , Lara Hosey , Patrice Severe , Ann C Collier Background Adherence is key to the success of antiretroviral therapy. Enhanced partner support might benefit patients with previous treatment failure. We aimed to assess whether an enhanced partner-based support intervention with mo...
Source: The Lancet HIV - December 11, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Assessment of neonatal care in clinical training facilities in Kenya
Conclusions Basic resources are generally available, but there are deficiencies in key areas. Poor documentation limits the use of routine data for quality improvement. Significant opportunities exist for improvement in service delivery and adherence to guidelines in hospitals providing professional training.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - December 15, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Aluvaala, J., Nyamai, R., Were, F., Wasunna, A., Kosgei, R., Karumbi, J., Gathara, D., English, M., Kamau, Kimani, Masasabi, Mogoa, Mueke, Mwinga, Kihuba, Njagi, Odongo, Todd, On behalf of the SIRCLE/Ministry of Health Hospital Survey Group Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Open access, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Child health, Physiotherapy, Sexual health, Resuscitation, Quality improvement Original article Source Type: research

Does antiretroviral therapy for HIV reduce the risk of developing multiple sclerosis?
In 2011, a case was reported in which a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) and HIV was treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART)—he did not experience MS-related deficits for over a decade.1 This prompted researchers in Denmark (Nexø et al) to examine the association between MS and HIV using population-based databases. Although they found a reduced incidence of MS in HIV-positive individuals compared with the general population, their study did not achieve a conventional level of statistical significance.2 I was recently asked to review the Gold et al study,3 which has answered the Danish researchers’ ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - December 17, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: van der Kop, M. L. Tags: Press releases, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Multiple sclerosis Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

HIV and lower risk of multiple sclerosis: beginning to unravel a mystery using a record-linked database study
Conclusions HIV infection is associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing MS. Mechanisms of this observed possibly protective association may include immunosuppression induced by chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral medications.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - December 17, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Gold, J., Goldacre, R., Maruszak, H., Giovannoni, G., Yeates, D., Goldacre, M. Tags: Open access, Press releases, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research