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Specialty: Urology & Nephrology
Condition: Hypertension

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Total 232 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of corin in the regulation of blood pressure
Purpose of review: Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an important hormone in regulating salt-water balance and blood pressure. This review focuses on the regulation of corin function and potential roles of corin defects in hypertensive, heart, and renal diseases. Recent findings: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 has been identified as a primary enzyme that converts zymogen corin to an active protease. Genetic variants that impair corin intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation have been found in patients with hypertension, cardiac hy...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - February 1, 2017 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Edited by Nancy J. Brown Source Type: research

Recent developments on the vascular effects of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
This article presents past and recent findings that focus on the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of the vasculature in health and disease and the implication of its actions on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells to the pathogenesis of hypertension and stroke. Summary: To date clinical studies corroborated animal studies in that they place 20-HETE as a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, uncovering 20-HETE effects in the vasculature along with understanding its mechanism of action provide a strong basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to preve...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - February 1, 2017 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Edited by Nancy J. Brown Source Type: research

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Study of clinical characteristics in an Indian population.
Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary form of kidney disease. Clinical data on this multisystem disorder are scarce from developing countries. We conducted a prospective observational study of the clinical profile of ADPKD patients at a single center over a period of six years. A total of 208 patients were studied. Majority were male (60.6%) and the mean age was 45.8 ± 14.5 years. About 61.5% had early stage (Stages 1-3) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 38.5% had advanced CKD (Stages 4 and 5). Clinical features observed included pain abdomen (46.2%), noctur...
Source: Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation - December 31, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Vikrant S, Parashar A Tags: Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl Source Type: research

The gut microbiome and hypertension
Purpose of review: The mammalian mucosal surfaces are densely inhabited by a diverse microbial ecosystem termed the microbiota. Among these highly heterogeneous populations, the largest and richest is the gut microbiota, recently suggested to affect various physiological traits and susceptibility to disease. Novel metagenomic and metabolomic approaches, which have been developed in the past decade, have enabled the elucidation of the contribution of the microbiota to metabolic, immunologic, neurologic and endocrine homeostasis. Recent findings: Dysbiosis, the alteration in the gut microbiota composition and function, has ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - November 30, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CIRCULATION AND HEMODYNAMICS: Edited by Roland C. Blantz and Matthew R. Weir Source Type: research

Future considerations based on the information from Barrter's and Gitelman's syndromes
Purpose of review: Bartter and Gitelman syndromes are typical normotensive salt losing hypokalaemic tubulopathies. Their pathogenesis was gradually deciphered in the past 5 decades, first by typical salt balance studies and histopathology, followed by genetic characterization and discovery of the affected different ion channels. Although the different genotypic subtypes were originally thought to show a similar phenotype, important clinical and biochemical differences can now be found. New findings on the regulation of these channels, as well as the recent discovery of newly affected genes, merit an update on this topic. ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - November 30, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CIRCULATION AND HEMODYNAMICS: Edited by Roland C. Blantz and Matthew R. Weir Source Type: research

Folic acid supplementation and chronic kidney disease progression
In contrast to prior studies demonstrating no benefit or even increased harm from B vitamin supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease, a large randomized trial from China recently demonstrated small but statistically significant reductions in the risk of first stroke and chronic kidney disease progression with the addition of folic acid to enalapril in adults with hypertension. Differences in the study population and study intervention may explain these discordant results.
Source: Kidney International - November 21, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Christina M. Wyatt, J. David Spence Tags: Nephrology Digest Source Type: research

Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke, white matter diseases, intracerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment. This situation has been observed not only in end-stage renal disease patients but also in patients with mild or moderate CKD. The occurrence of cerebrovascular disorders may be linked to the presence of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in CKD. Here, we review current knowledge on the epidemiological aspects of CKD-associated neurological and cognitive disorders and discuss putative causes and potential treatment. ...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Chillon, J.-M., Massy, Z. A., Stengel, B. Tags: REVIEWS - CLINICAL SCIENCE AND OUTCOME RESEARCH IN NEPHROLOGY Source Type: research

The blood pressure-salt sensitivity paradigm: pathophysiologically sound yet of no practical value
Sodium plays an important pathophysiological role in blood pressure (BP) values and in the development of hypertension, and epidemiological studies such as the Intersalt Study have shown that the increase in BP occurring with age is determined by salt intake. Recently, a meta-analysis of 13 prospective studies has also shown the close relationship between excess sodium intake and higher risk of stroke and total cardiovascular events. However, the BP response to changing salt intake displayed a marked variability, as first suggested by Kawasaki et al. (The effect of high-sodium and low-sodium intakes on blood pressure and o...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 1, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Galletti, F., Strazzullo, P. Tags: NDT PERSPECTIVES Source Type: research

Smoking and prevalence of nocturia in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post ‐hoc analysis of The Dogo Study
CONCLUSIONSIn Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, current smoking may be independently inversely associated with severe nocturia.
Source: Neurourology and Urodynamics - August 25, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Shinya Furukawa, Takenori Sakai, Tetsuji Niiya, Hiroaki Miyaoka, Teruki Miyake, Shin Yamamoto, Sayaka Kanzaki, Koutatsu Maruyama, Keiko Tanaka, Teruhisa Ueda, Hidenori Senba, Masamoto Torisu, Hisaka Minami, Morikazu Onji, Takeshi Tanigawa, Bunzo Matsuura, Tags: Original Clinical Article Source Type: research

Prostate size, nocturia and the digital rectal examination: a cohort study of 30 500 men
ConclusionsDigital rectal examination is a modestly accurate tool for measuring prostate volume. While DRE posterior surface area represents a statistically significant predictor of nocturia, the magnitude of effect suggests it has limited clinical utility for assessing this condition, particularly in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Source: BJU International - August 22, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Benjamin V. Stone, Jonathan Shoag, Joshua A. Halpern, Sameer Mittal, Patrick Lewicki, David M. Golombos, Dina Bedretdinova, Bilal Chughtai, Christopher E. Barbieri, Richard K. Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Intensive  vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial
This is a  multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients aged 75 years or older who participated in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) to determine the effects of intensive (<120 mm Hg) compared with standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP targets. The primary cardiovascular disease outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death from cardiovascular causes. All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome. At a median follow-up of 3.14 years ...
Source: Nephrology Now - August 14, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nephrology Now editors Tags: Clinical Trial Results Hypertension Source Type: research

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and diminazene: role in cardiovascular and blood pressure regulation
Purpose of review: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important regulator of the renin–angiotensin system through actions to degrade angiotensin II. Loss of ACE2 can contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, and experimental studies have highlighted a beneficial role for novel therapeutic approaches that activate or replenish tissue ACE2. This review focuses on experimental studies that have used the off-target effects of the antitrypanosomal agent, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) to activate ACE2. Recent findings: In cardiovascular disease, activation of the classical renin–angiot...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 5, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Adam Whaley-Connell and Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Prostate size, nocturia, and the digital rectal exam: a cohort study of 30,500 men
ConclusionsDRE is a modestly accurate tool for measuring prostate volume. While DRE posterior surface area represents a statistically significant predictor of nocturia, the magnitude of effect suggests it has limited clinical utility for assessing this condition, particularly in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: BJU International - July 31, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Benjamin V. Stone, Jonathan Shoag, Joshua A. Halpern, Sameer Mittal, Patrick Lewicki, David M. Golombos, Dina Bedretdinova, Bilal Chughtai, Christopher E. Barbieri, Richard K. Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Reversible hemianopsia in postpartum due to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pregnant with late eclampsia.
CONCLUSION: Once properly diagnosed and treated, the Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome can present satisfactory progress, especially when associated with an acutely triggered factor, as eclampsia. PMID: 27438983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia - July 22, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: J Bras Nefrol Source Type: research

Risk of stroke in first-ever acute urinary retention: A 10-year population-based study
Conclusion There was significant difference in the risk of stroke between patients with and without AUR. Preventive measures should be taken for patients with AUR, which may be associated with an increased risk of subsequent stroke. Large-scale population-based studies in other countries and regions are recommended.
Source: Urological Science - July 1, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research