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Specialty: Biomedical Science
Condition: Diabetes

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Total 31 results found since Jan 2013.

Effects of microRNA-211 on proliferation and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells by targeting SIRT1 gene in diabetic cataract mice.
Abstract Our study aimed at exploring the effects of microRNA-211 (miR-211) on the proliferation and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract mice by targeting NAD + -dependent histone deacetylase sirtulin 1 (SIRT1). Healthy male mice were assigned to normal and diabetic cataract groups. Blood glucose, lens turbidity and apoptosis were measured. Lens epithelial cells were classified into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), miR-211 mimics, miR-211 inhibitors, siRNA-SIRT1, and miR-211 inhibitors + siRNA-SIRT1 groups. MiR-211, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and SIRT1 expressions of each group were detected. Ce...
Source: Bioscience Reports - July 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zeng K, Feng QG, Lin BT, Ma DH, Liu CM Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
by Ae-Rang Hwang, Jung-Hwa Han, Jae Hyang Lim, Young Jin Kang, Chang-Hoon Woo Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are emerging as important mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidative effects of st atins on AGEs. It has been reported that statins exert pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system due to decreases in AGE-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vascular inflammation. Thus, in the present study, the authors investigated the m...
Source: PLoS One - May 22, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ae-Rang Hwang Source Type: research

siRNA-mediated inhibition of SREBP cleavage-activating protein reduces dyslipidemia in spontaneously dysmetabolic rhesus monkeys
SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is a cholesterol binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is required to activate SREBP transcription factors. SREBPs regulate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. They also influence lipid clearance by modulating the expression of LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Inhibiting SCAP decreases circulating PCSK9, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), both in vitro and in vivo. Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - March 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Beth Ann Murphy, Marija Tadin-Strapps, Kristian Jensen, Robin Mogg, Andy Liaw, Kithsiri Herath, Gowri Bhat, David G. McLaren, Stephen F. Previs, Shirly Pinto Source Type: research

siRNA-mediated inhibition of SCAP reduces dyslipidemia in spontaneously dysmetabolic rhesus monkeys
SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is a cholesterol binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is required to activate SREBP transcription factors. SREBPs regulate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. They also influence lipid clearance by modulating the expression of LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Inhibiting SCAP decreases circulating PCSK9, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), both in vitro and in vivo. Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - March 4, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Beth Ann Murphy, Marija Tadin-Strapps, Kristian Jensen, Robin Mogg, Andy Liaw, Kithsiri Herath, Gowri Bhat, David G. McLaren, Stephen F. Previs, Shirly Pinto Source Type: research

Diabetic polyneuropathy, sensory neurons, nuclear structure and spliceosome alterations: a role for CWC22 RESEARCH ARTICLE
ABSTRACT Unique deficits in the function of adult sensory neurons as part of their early neurodegeneration might account for progressive polyneuropathy during chronic diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide structural and functional evidence for aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in a chronic type 1 model of experimental diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Cajal bodies (CBs), unique nuclear substructures involved in RNA splicing, increased in number in diabetic sensory neurons, but their expected colocalization with survival motor neuron (SMN) proteins was reduced – a mislocalization described in motor neurons of spinal muscular atro...
Source: DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - February 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kobayashi, M., Chandrasekhar, A., Cheng, C., Martinez, J. A., Ng, H., de la Hoz, C., Zochodne, D. W. Tags: Metabolic Disorders RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Dual effects of fructose on ChREBP and FoxO1/3{alpha} are responsible for AldoB upregulation and vascular remodeling
Increased production of methylglyoxal (MG) in vascular tissues is one of the causative factors for vascular remodeling in different subtypes of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and insulin resistance. Fructose-induced upregulation of aldolase B (AldoB) contributes to increased vascular MG production but the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. Serum levels of MG and fructose were determined in diabetic patients with hypertension. MG level had significant positive correlations with blood pressure and fructose level respectively. C57Bl/6 mice were fed with control or fructose-enriched diet for 3 months and ultr...
Source: Clinical Science - December 21, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Cao, W., Chang, T., Li, X.-q., Wang, R., Wu, L. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research

Atorvastatin Alleviates Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the GSK-3 β-PP2Ac-NF-κB Signaling Axis
by Xiao-min Ren, Guang-feng Zuo, Wen Wu, Jie Luo, Peng Ye, Shao-liang Chen, Zuo-ying Hu Recent studies reported that atorvastatin (ATOR) alleviated progression of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), possibly by protecting against apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect remain unclear. Therefore, our study investigated the role of the glycogen s ynthase kinase (GSK)-3β-protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)-NF-κB signaling pathway in the anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of ATOR on cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose (HG) and in DCM. Our results showed that, in HG-cultured card...
Source: PLoS One - November 15, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Xiao-min Ren Source Type: research

Ampelopsin Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating PPARγ and Subsequently Up-Regulating FGF21-AMPK Signaling Pathway
by Yong Zhou, Ying Wu, Yu Qin, Lei Liu, Jing Wan, Lingyun Zou, Qianyong Zhang, Jundong Zhu, Mantian Mi Ampelopsin (APL), a major bioactive constituent of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts a number of biological effects. Here, we explored the anti-diabetic activity of APL and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this action. In palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes, APL treatment markedly up- regulated phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B, along with a corresponding increase of glucose uptake capacity. APL treatment also increased expressions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) and...
Source: PLoS One - July 7, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Yong Zhou Source Type: research

PKCδ inhibition normalizes the wound-healing capacity of diabetic human fibroblasts
Abnormal fibroblast function underlies poor wound healing in patients with diabetes; however, the mechanisms that impair wound healing are poorly defined. Here, we evaluated fibroblasts from individuals who had type 1 diabetes (T1D) for 50 years or more (Medalists, n = 26) and from age-matched controls (n = 7). Compared with those from controls, Medalist fibroblasts demonstrated a reduced migration response to insulin, lower VEGF expression, and less phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), but not p-ERK, activation. Medalist fibroblasts were also functionally less effective at wound closure in nude mice. Activation of the δ isoform o...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 26, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mogher Khamaisi, Sayaka Katagiri, Hillary Keenan, Kyoungmin Park, Yasutaka Maeda, Qian Li, Weier Qi, Thomas Thomou, Danielle Eschuk, Ana Tellechea, Aris Veves, Chenyu Huang, Dennis Paul Orgill, Amy Wagers, George L. King Source Type: research

The AMPK-related kinase SNARK regulates muscle mass and myocyte survival
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is critical for sustaining health; however, the mechanisms responsible for muscle loss with aging and chronic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are poorly understood. We found that expression of a member of the AMPK-related kinase family, the SNF1-AMPK-related kinase (SNARK, also known as NUAK2), increased with muscle cell differentiation. SNARK expression increased in skeletal muscles from young mice exposed to metabolic stress and in muscles from healthy older human subjects. The regulation of SNARK expression in muscle with differentiation and physiological stress suggests t...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - December 22, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sarah J. Lessard, Donato A. Rivas, Kawai So, Ho-Jin Koh, André Lima Queiroz, Michael F. Hirshman, Roger A. Fielding, Laurie J. Goodyear Source Type: research

Human umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells exert trophic effects on {beta}-cell survival in diabetic rats and isolated islets RESEARCH ARTICLE
ABSTRACT Human umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells (uMSCs), owing to their cellular and procurement advantages compared with mesenchymal stem cells derived from other tissue sources, are in clinical trials to treat type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the therapeutic basis remains to be fully understood. The immunomodulatory property of uMSCs could explain the use in treating T1D; however, the mere immune modulation might not be sufficient to support the use in T2D. We thus tested whether uMSCs could exert direct trophic effects on β-cells. Infusion of uMSCs into chemically induced diabetic rats preve...
Source: DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - December 4, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhou, Y., Hu, Q., Chen, F., Zhang, J., Guo, J., Wang, H., Gu, J., Ma, L., Ho, G. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Inhibition of PKC{beta}2 Overexpression Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats via Restoring Caveolin-3/Akt Signaling
Activation of Protein Kinase Cβ (PKCβ) plays a critical role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in non-diabetic rodents. In the myocardium of diabetes, PKCβ2 is overexpressed that is associated with increased vulnerability to post-ischemic I/R injury with concomitantly impaired cardiomyocyte caveolin (Cav)-3 and Akt signaling as compared with non- diabetic rats. We hypothesized that myocardial PKCβ overexpression in diabetes exacerbates myocardial I/R injury through impairing Cav-3/Akt signaling. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the selective PKCβ inhibi...
Source: Clinical Science - April 7, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Y Liu, J Jin, S Qiao, S Lei, S Liao, Z Ge, H Li, G Tin-chun Wong, M G Irwin, Z Xia Source Type: research

Upregulation of Unc-51-Like Kinase 1 by Nitric Oxide Stabilizes SIRT1, Independent of Autophagy
by Junhui Xing, Hongtao Liu, Huabing Yang, Rui Chen, Yuguo Chen, Jian Xu SIRT1 is central to the lifespan and vascular health, but undergoes degradation that contributes to several medical conditions, including diabetes. How SIRT1 turnover is regulated remains unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) positively regulates SIRT1 protein expression. We recently identified NO as an endogenous inhibitor of 26S proteasome functionality with a cellular reporter system. Here we extended this finding to a novel pathway that regulates SIRT1 protein breakdown. In cycloheximide (CHX)-...
Source: PLoS One - December 26, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Junhui Xing et al. Source Type: research

Imatinib mesylate stimulates low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1-mediated ERK phosphorylation in insulin producing cells
LRP1 is an endocytic and multifunctional type I cell surface membrane protein, which is known to be phosphorylated by the activated PDGF receptor (PDGFR). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which inhibits PDGFR and c-Abl, and which has previously been reported to counteract beta-cell death and diabetes, has been suggested to ameliorate atherosclerosis by inhibiting PDGFR-induced LRP1 phosphorylation. The aim of this investigation was to study LRP1 function in beta-cells and to what extent imatinib modulates LRP1 activity. LRP1 and c-Abl gene knockdown was performed by RNAi using rat INS-1 832/13 and human EndoC1-bH1 c...
Source: Clinical Science - May 28, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: R Göran Fred, S Kumar Boddeti, M Lundberg, N Welsh Source Type: research

TRIB3 alters endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced β-cell apoptosis via the NF-κB pathway
Conclusion: TRIB3 mediated ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis via the NF-κB pathway.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - March 12, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ni Fang, Wenjian Zhang, Shiqing Xu, Hua Lin, Zai Wang, Honglin Liu, Qing Fang, Chenghui Li, Liang Peng, Jinning Lou Tags: Basic Science Source Type: research