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Design of the DREPAGREFFE trial: A prospective controlled multicenter study evaluating the benefit of genoidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation over chronic transfusion in sickle cell anemia children detected to be at risk of stroke by transcranial Doppler (NCT 01340404)
Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have an 11% risk of stroke by the age of 18. Chronic transfusion applied in patients detected to be at risk by transcranial Doppler allows a significant reduction of stroke risk. However, chronic transfusion exposes to several adverse events, including alloimmunization and iron overload, and is not curative. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation allows termination of the transfusion program, but its benefit has not been demonstrated.
Source: Contemporary Clinical Trials - August 15, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Sylvie Chevret, Suzanne Verlhac, Elisabeth Ducros-Miralles, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Regis Peffault de Latour, Mariane de Montalembert, Malika Benkerrou, Corinne Pondarr é, Isabelle Thuret, Corinne Guitton, Emmanuelle Lesprit, Maryse Etienne-Julan, Gisèle Ela Source Type: research

Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children
Acute ischemic stroke affects 3.3 of 100,000 children per year. The causes of AIS in children can be broadly divided into the following 6 categories: cardiac disese, sickle cell disease, moyamoya, arterial dissection, other arteriopathies, and other causes. Approximately 24% of the cases are classified as idiopathic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiography play an important role in the determining the causes of an AIS in children. Medical approaches, including anticoagulation, anti-inflammatories, and antiplatelet therapies, surgical revascularization and endovascular approaches may have a role in the man...
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - June 3, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Joseph J. Gemmete, Indran Davagnanam, Ahmed K. Toma, Stefan Brew, Vijeya Ganesan Source Type: research

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography in children with sickle cell anemia: Clinical and laboratory correlates for elevated blood flow velocities
ConclusionsLow hematocrit, low hemoglobin concentration, young age, and low arterial oxygen desaturation predicted elevated cerebral blood flow velocities and, invariably, increased stroke risk, in children with SCA. Children who exhibit these features should be given high priority for TCD examination in the setting of limited resources. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 00:XX–XX, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (www.wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20XXX © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound - October 26, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: IkeOluwa Lagunju, Olugbemiro Sodeinde, Biobele Brown, Felix Akinbami, Babatunde Adedokun Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Cerebral hemodynamics and pseudo ‐continuous arterial spin labeling considerations in adults with sickle cell anemia
In conclusion, BAT variation influences pCASL quantification less than elevated cervical arterial velocity and labeling efficiency variation in SCA adults; thus, a lower labeling efficiency (α = 0.72) or subject‐specific labeling efficiency should be incorporated for SCA patients. We examined the effect of cervical arterial flow velocity on pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) labeling efficiency in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Our results showed that flow velocities were higher and labeling efficiencies were lower in adults with SCA relative to controls, resulting in underestimation of cerebral b...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - December 31, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Meher R. Juttukonda, Lori C. Jordan, Melissa C. Gindville, Larry T. Davis, Jennifer M. Watchmaker, Sumit Pruthi, Manus J. Donahue Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Advances in Transcranial Doppler US: Imaging Ahead Neurologic/Head and Neck Imaging
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (US) is a noninvasive, portable technique for evaluating the intracranial vasculature. It has found its most useful clinical application in the detection of vasospasm involving the cerebral vessels after subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture. The technique has become an integral part of monitoring and managing patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the neurologic intensive care unit. In addition, it has proved useful for evaluating the intracranial vasculature in patients with sickle cell disease, stroke, or brain death. Transcranial US originated as a "blind" nonimaging stu...
Source: Radiographics recent issues - January 15, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Kirsch, J. D., Mathur, M., Johnson, M. H., Gowthaman, G., Scoutt, L. M. Tags: Neuroradiology, Ultrasound, Vascular Imaging, Head and Neck Neurologic/Head and Neck Imaging Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Temporal Acoustic Window for Transcranial Doppler in a Multi-ethnic Population in Brazil
The aim of this study was to relate the presence of a temporal acoustic window (TAW) to the variables sex, age and race. This observational study was conducted in patients under etiologic investigation after stroke, sickle-cell anemia and hospitalization in an intensive therapy neurologic unit. TAW presence was confirmed by bilateral assessment by two neurologists via transcranial Doppler (TCD). Multiple logistic regression was performed to explain the presence of the window as a function of sex, age and race.
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - May 8, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Rodrigo Bazan, Gabriel Pereira Braga, Gustavo José Luvizutto, João Carlos Hueb, Newton Key Hokama, Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan, Hélio Rubens de Carvalho Nunes, João Pereira Leite, Octávio Marques Pontes-Neto Tags: Original Contribution Source Type: research

Abnormalities in aortic properties: a potential link between left ventricular diastolic function and ventricular—aortic coupling in sickle cell disease
Abstract Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased mortality. However, its mechanisms are not well known, preventing the development of effective therapies. We hypothesized that patients with SCD have altered aortic properties despite normal blood pressure, which may contribute towards the development of diastolic dysfunction. We studied 31 stable adult patients with SCD (32 ± 7 years) and 12 healthy controls of similar age (29 ± 10 years) who underwent echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging on the same d...
Source: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - May 25, 2016 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Hemoglobin and mean platelet volume predicts diffuse T1-MRI white matter volume decrease in sickle cell disease patients
This study quantifies global and regional brain volumes in adolescent and young adult patients with SCD and racially matched controls with the aim of distinguishing between age related changes associated with normal brain maturation and damage from sickle cell disease. T1 weighted images were acquired on 33 clinically asymptomatic SCD patients (age=21.3±7.8; F=18, M=15) and 32 racially matched control subjects (age=24.4±7.5; F=22, M=10). Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, previous overt stroke, acute chest, or pain crisis hospitalization within one month. All brain volume comparisons were corrected for age and sex. G...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - April 29, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Graph theory analysis reveals how sickle cell disease impacts neural networks of patients with more severe disease
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2018Source: NeuroImage: ClinicalAuthor(s): Michelle Case, Sina Shirinpour, Vishal Vijayakumar, Huishi Zhang, Yvonne Datta, Stephen Nelson, Paola Pergami, Deepika S. Darbari, Kalpna Gupta, Bin HeAbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder associated with many life-threatening comorbidities including cerebral stroke and chronic pain. The long-term effects of this disease may therefore affect the global brain network which is not clearly understood. We performed graph theory analysis of functional networks using non-invasive fMRI and high resolution EEG on th...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - November 15, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Ultrasound Detection of Abnormal Cerebrovascular Morphology in a Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease Based on Wave Reflection
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a high risk of stroke, and affected individuals often have focal brain lesions termed silent cerebral infarcts. The mechanisms leading to these types of injuries are at present poorly understood. Our group has recently demonstrated a non-invasive measurement of cerebrovascular impedance and wave reflection in mice using high-frequency ultrasound in the common carotid artery. To better understand the pathophysiology in SCD, we used this approach in combination with micro-computed tomography to investigate changes in cerebrovascular morphology in the Townes mouse model of SCD.
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - September 25, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Lindsay S. Cahill, Jesper Pilmeyer, Lisa X. Yu, Joe Steinman, Gregory M.T. Hare, Andrea Kassner, Christopher K. Macgowan, John G. Sled Tags: Original Contribution Source Type: research

Economic factors limit clinical adoption of 7T MRI systems
LONDON - The cost of 7-tesla MRI systems is the main deterrent to more widesprea...Read more on AuntMinnie.comRelated Reading: 7T proton MR spectroscopy spots brain changes in MS patients 7T MRI visualizes sickle cell disease's effect on the brain Oxbridge team collects top award for 7T study of long COVID 7T MRI shows promise for sports imaging of injured athletes 7T MRI sheds new light on risks associated with stroke
Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines - May 7, 2022 Category: Radiology Source Type: news

Development of a Flow Phantom for Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Quality Assurance
Anecdotal evidence was recently brought to our attention suggesting a potential difference in velocity estimates between transcranial Doppler (TCD) systems when measuring high velocities ( ∼200 cm/s) close to the threshold for sickle cell disease stroke prevention. As we were unable to identify a suitable commercial TCD phantom, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow phantom was developed to evaluate velocity estimates from different devices under controlled conditions. Time-averaged v elocity estimates were obtained using two TCD devices: a Spencer Technologies ST3 Doppler system (ST3 PMD150, Spencer Technologies, Seattle,...
Source: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology - August 26, 2022 Category: Radiology Authors: Fatmah Alablani, Justyna Janus, Edward Pallett, Toni M. Mullins, Alanoud Almudayni, Emma M.L. Chung Tags: Original Contribution Source Type: research