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The etiology of poststroke-depression: a hypothesis involving HPA axis
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 May 26;151:113146. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113146. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTApproximately, one in three ischemic stroke survivors suffered from depression, namely, post-stroke depression (PSD). PSD affects functional rehabilitation and may lead to poor quality of life of patients. There are numerous explanations about the etiologies of PSD. Here, we speculated that PSD are likely to be the result of specific changes in brain pathology. We hypothesized that the stroke-induced hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in PSD. Stroke initiates a comple...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - June 1, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lin Zhou Tian Wang Yawen Yu Mingan Li Xiaohui Sun Wenhao Song Yunjie Wang Ce Zhang Fenghua Fu Source Type: research

D-serine metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not the hippocampus, is involved in AD/HD-like behaviors in SHRSP/Ezo
Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 29:174930. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174930. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is a mild neurodevelopmental disorder with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity as its core symptoms. We previously revealed that an AD/HD animal model, juvenile stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP/Ezo) exhibited functional abnormalities in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the prefrontal cortex. D-serine is an endogenous co-ligand that acts on the glycine-binding site of NMDA receptors, which is essential for the physiological activation of NMD...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - April 1, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tsugumi Shindo Hiroki Shikanai Akane Watarai Sachiko Hiraide Kenji Iizuka Takeshi Izumi Source Type: research

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Nov;143:112175. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112175. Epub 2021 Sep 27.ABSTRACTWithania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) has been used as a traditional Rasayana herb for a long time. Traditional uses of this plant indicate its ameliorative properties against a plethora of human medical conditions, viz. hypertension, stress, diabetes, asthma, cancer etc. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the geographical distribution, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of W. somnifera and its active constituents. In addition, it presents a detailed account of its presence as...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - October 15, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Subhabrata Paul Shreya Chakraborty Uttpal Anand Swarnali Dey Samapika Nandy Mimosa Ghorai Suchismita Chatterjee Saha Manoj Tukaram Patil Ramesh Kandimalla Jaros ław Proćków Abhijit Dey Source Type: research

Acute administration of metformin prior to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury protects brain injury.
Abstract Myocardial ischemia is the malperfusion of cardiac tissue due to a blockage in a coronary artery. Subsequent return of blood flow to the ischemic area of the heart, results in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart and other organs, including the brain. Besides the cardioprotective effects of metformin on the heart against cardiac I/R injury, metformin also reduced neuronal injury in a stroke model. However, the effects of metformin on the brain following cardiac I/R injury has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we hypothesize that metformin reduces brain damage via decreasing brain mitochondri...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - July 31, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Leech T, Apaijai N, Palee S, Higgins LA, Maneechote C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Efficacy of trazodone for treating paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity presenting after thalamic hemorrhage: A case report.
Authors: Morinaga Y, Nii K, Sakamoto K, Inoue R, Mitsutake T, Hanada H Abstract Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical condition characterized by abnormal paroxysmal surges in sympathetic nervous system activity. PSH is known to occur after severe head injury and hypoxic encephalopathy. Cases of PSH that develop after stroke have been reported worldwide; however, PSH is not commonly reported in the field of stroke research in Japan. Some studies have suggested that gabapentin may improve the symptoms of PSH. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating the efficacy of trazodone fo...
Source: Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics - July 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Drug Discov Ther Source Type: research

Oral Cannabidiol Prevents Allodynia and Neurological Dysfunctions in a Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion In conclusion, our data demonstrate that mTBI causes late sensorial affective/cognitive deficiencies linked to altered neurotransmitter release at cortical level. Moreover, we showed that chronic CBD treatment reduces behavioral dysfunctions by restoring at least in part cortical biochemical processes. Taken together, our results suggest that CBD could represent a novel approach for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with TBI. Author Contributions CB, LL, and RR conceived and designed the experiments. CB, MI, SB, FR, RI, and RM performed the experiments. GP, LS, SP, RR, LL, and IM analyze...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Genetic variability of SRC family kinases and its association with platelet hyperreactivity and clinical outcomes: a systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: Src family kinases are one of the most important signal transmitters in platelets. Some receptors have well documented interactions with SFKs, while other have not been examined in humans or data about its association originate from single studies. Further studies are necessary to confirm the findings and reduce false-positive associations. PMID: 29237371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 12, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Milanowski L, Rasul F, Natalia GS, Eyileten C, Siller-Matula J, Postula M Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

ADHD medications and cardiovascular adverse events in children and adolescents: cross ‐national comparison of risk communication in drug labeling
ConclusionsProduct labeling provides healthcare professionals and consumers with inconsistent messages regarding the potential causal relationship between stimulant use and specific cardiovascular risks in children and adolescents. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - January 12, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jan Sieluk, Brittany Palasik, Susan dosReis, Peter Doshi Tags: Original Report Source Type: research

Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection.
Abstract The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 9, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Fernández-Novoa L, Aliev G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research