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Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases as targets for neuroprotection by "antioxidant" metal chelators: From ferroptosis to stroke.
Abstract Neurologic conditions including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States, and efforts to develop novel therapeutics for these conditions have historically had poor success in translating from bench to bedside. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) mediates a broad, evolutionarily conserved, endogenous adaptive program to hypoxia, and manipulation of components of the HIF pathway are neuroprotective in a number of human neurological diseases and experimental models. In this review, we discuss mole...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Speer RE, Karuppagounder SS, Basso M, Sleiman S, Kumar A, Brand D, Smirnova N, Gazaryan I, Khim SJ, Ratan RR Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Data-driven analyses of motor impairments in animal models of neurological disorders
by Hardeep Ryait, Edgar Bermudez-Contreras, Matthew Harvey, Jamshid Faraji, Behroo Mirza Agha, Andrea Gomez-Palacio Schjetnan, Aaron Gruber, Jon Doan, Majid Mohajerani, Gerlinde A. S. Metz, Ian Q. Whishaw, Artur Luczak Behavior provides important insights into neuronal processes. For example, analysis of reaching movements can give a reliable indication of the degree of impairment in neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson disease, or Huntington disease. The analysis of such movement abnormalities is no toriously difficult and requires a trained evaluator. Here, we show that a deep neural network is able to score...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - November 20, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Hardeep Ryait Source Type: research

Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies
The world of stem cells We know the human body comprises many cell types (e.g., blood cells, skin cells, cervical cells), but we often forget to appreciate that all of these different cell types arose from a single cell—the fertilized egg. A host of sequential, awe-inspiring events occur between the fertilization of an egg and the formation of a new individual: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are also called totipotent cells. The first steps involve making more cells by simple cell division: one cell becomes two cells; two cells become four cells, etc. Each cell of early development is undifferentiated; that is, it is...
Source: ActionBioscience - December 28, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Ali Hochberg Source Type: news

Study finds long-term survival of human neural stem cells transplanted into primate brain
(Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair) Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) labeled with magnetic nanoparticles were followed by MRI after transplantation into the brains of primates. The study evaluated the long-term survival and differentiation of hNSCs. The hNSCs differentiated into neurons at 24 months and did not cause tumors. Researchers concluded that hNSCs could be of great value as a source for cell replacement and gene transfer for treating Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ALS, spinal cord injury and stroke.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - April 23, 2014 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Scientists win $1.7 million grant to advance new strategies to treat Huntington's disease
(Scripps Research Institute) Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have won nearly $1.7 million from the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to Huntington's disease, a fatal inherited disease that some have described as having ALS, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's -- at the same time.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - February 12, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news

Adaptive Responses of Neuronal Mitochondria to Bioenergetic Challenges: Roles in Neuroplasticity and Disease Resistance.
Abstract An important concept in neurobiology is "neurons that fire together, wire together" which means that the formation and maintenance of synapses is promoted by activation of those synapses. Very similar to the effects of the stress of exercise on muscle cells, emerging findings suggest that neurons respond to activity by activating signaling pathways (e.g., Ca(2+), CREB, PGC-1α, NF-κB) that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular stress resistance. These pathways are also activated by aerobic exercise and food deprivation, two bioenergetic challenges of fundamental importance in the evolution of t...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 27, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Raefsky SM, Mattson MP Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk
Publication date: 15 September 2019Source: Life Sciences, Volume 233Author(s): Nandini H S, Yam Nath Paudel, Krishna K LAbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate and aggravate epileptic seizures affecting around 1% of global population making it a serious health concern. Despite the recent advances in epilepsy research, no disease-modifying treatment able to terminate epileptogenesis have been reported yet reflecting the complexity in understanding the disease pathogenesis. To overcome the current treatment gap against epilepsy, one effective approach is to explore ...
Source: Life Sciences - August 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research