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A fully human anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibody 2G4 inhibits proliferation and degranulation of human mast cells
Mol Cell Biochem. 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04557-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGiven that mast cells are pivotal contributors to allergic diseases, various allergy treatments have been developed to inhibit them. Omalizumab, an anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, is a representative therapy that can alleviate allergy symptoms by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. However, omalizumab cannot reduce the proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, which is a fundamental cause of allergic diseases. c-Kit is essential for the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mast cells. Excessive c-Kit activation trig...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - September 15, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kwang-Hyeok Kim Jin-Ock Kim Sang Gyu Park Source Type: research

The Anti-KIT Antibody, CDX-0159, Reduces Mast Cell Numbers and Circulating Tryptase and Improves Disease Control in Patients with Chronic Inducible Urticaria (Cindu)
Mast cells (MCs) are effector cells that mediate chronic urticaria, including CIndU. MC differentiation, proliferation, and survival require activation of KIT receptors by stem cell factor (SCF). CDX-0159 is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibiting SCF-dependent KIT activation. A single 3mg/kg IV dose demonstrated a 95% complete response (negative provocation testing) in CIndU patients and was generally well tolerated as presented previously. Here, we present CDX-0159 effect on urticaria control, pharmacodynamics (PD), and pharmacokinetics (PK).
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi, Tomasz Hawro, Eva Grekowitz, Lea Kiefer, Martin Metz, Diego Alvarado, Thomas Hawthorne, Kunal Merchant, Linda Crew, Elizabeth Crowley, Margo Heath-Chiozzi, Marcus Maurer Source Type: research

A novel approach for studying mast cell-driven disorders: mast cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Mast cells (MCs) are considered the main effectors in allergic reactions and well known for their contribution to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, urticaria and mastocytosis. To study their functions in vitro, human primary MCs are isolated directly from several tissues or differentiated from hematopoietic progenitors. However, these techniques bear several disadvantages and challenges including low proliferation capacity, donor-dependent heterogeneity, and the lack of a continuous cell source.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Luo, Valeria Fernandez Vallone, Jiajun He, Stefan Frischbutter, Pavel Kolkhir, Sherezade Mo ñino-Romero, Harald Stachelscheid, Viktoria Streu-Haddad, Marcus Maurer, Frank Siebenhaar, Jörg Scheffel Source Type: research

A novel approach for studying mast cell –driven disorders: Mast cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Mast cells (MCs) are considered the main effectors in allergic reactions and well known for their contribution to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, urticaria, and mastocytosis. To study their functions in  vitro, human primary MCs are isolated directly from several tissues or differentiated from hematopoietic progenitors. However, these techniques bear several disadvantages and challenges including low proliferation capacity, donor-dependent heterogeneity, and the lack of a continuous cell source.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Luo, Valeria Fernandez Vallone, Jiajun He, Stefan Frischbutter, Pavel Kolkhir, Sherezade Mo ñino-Romero, Harald Stachelscheid, Viktoria Streu-Haddad, Marcus Maurer, Frank Siebenhaar, Jörg Scheffel Source Type: research

Mastocytosis: from a Molecular Point of View
AbstractMast cells (MCs) are physiologically activated by binding of stem cell factor (SCF) to the extracellular domains of the Kit receptor. This binding increases the proliferation and prolongs the survival of normal mature MCs, as well as intensifies the release of mediators. In mastocytosis, somatic mutations of the coding Kit gene cause autocrine dysregulation and lead to constitutive KIT activation even in the absence of its ligand SCF. Clinical symptoms are caused by MC-mediator release and/or infiltration of MCs into tissues. Aberrant KIT activation may result in increased production of MCs in the skin and extracut...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - July 19, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

XXIV World Allergy Congress 2015
Table of Contents A1 Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-b1-induced extracellular matrix production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts Jae-Min Shin, Heung-Man Lee, Il-Ho Park A2 The efficacy of a 2-week course of oral steroid in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to antihistamines Hyun-Sun Yoon, Gyeong Yul Park A3 The altered distribution of follicular t helper cells may predict a more pronounced clinical course of primary sjögren’s syndrome Margit Zeher A4 Betamethasone suppresses Th2 cell development induced by langerhans cell like dendr...
Source: World Allergy Organization Journal - April 18, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

IL-6 promotes an increase in human mast cell numbers and reactivity through suppression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
IL-6, levels of which are reported to be increased in association with mastocytosis, asthma, and urticaria, is used in conjunction with stem cell factor to generate CD34+ cell–derived primary human mast cell (HuMC) cultures. Despite these associations, the effects on and mechanisms by which prolonged exposure to IL-6 alters HuMC numbers and function are not well understood.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Avanti Desai, Mi-Yeon Jung, Ana Olivera, Alasdair M. Gilfillan, Calman Prussin, Arnold S. Kirshenbaum, Michael A. Beaven, Dean D. Metcalfe Source Type: research

North Texas Fracking Zone Sees Growing Health Worries
This story was published by The Center for Public Integrity, a nonprofit, nonpartisan investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. DALLAS—Propped up on a hospital bed, Taylor Ishee listened as his mother shared a conviction that choked her up. His rare cancer had a cause, she believes, and it wasn’t genetics. Others in Texas have drawn the same conclusions about their confounding illnesses. Jana DeGrand, who suffered a heart attack and needed both her gallbladder and her appendix removed. Rebecca Williams, fighting off unexplained rashes, sharp headaches and repeated bouts of pneumonia. Maile Bush, who needed ...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - December 11, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news