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Total 64 results found since Jan 2013.

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 5783: Therapeutic Effect of Icaritin on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Senescence and Apoptosis in an Acute Ischemic Stroke Mouse Model
ing-Hwa Liu An ischemic stroke is brain damage caused by interruption of blood supply to the brain that can cause death and long-term disability. New medical strategies or therapies are urgently needed for ischemic stroke. Icaritin (ICT) is a metabolite of icariin (ICA), which are two active flavonoid components extracted from Herba epimedii and considered neuroprotective agents in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke. The therapeutic effect of ICT on ischemic still remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of ICT on cerebral ischemia-repe...
Source: Molecules - September 7, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cheng-Tien Wu Ting-Hua Yang Man-Chih Chen Siao-Syun Guan Chang-Mu Chen Shing-Hwa Liu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgolide B against Ischemic Stroke: a Review of Current Literature.
Abstract Extensive evidences have shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on several diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, ischemic stroke, etc. Several studies also reported its beneficial role on motor activity and cognitive function. This species contain unique class of diterpene, namely Ginkgolide B, which possess several pharmacological activities such as protective effect against cardiovascular disease; the most important causes of death worldwide. The promising effects of Ginkgolide B on stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are suggested by an overwhelming body of scientific evidences. M...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - June 10, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Nabavi SM, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, Braidy N, Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Nabavi SF Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: research

The NOX1/4 Inhibitor GKT136901 as Selective and Direct Scavenger of Peroxynitrite.
Abstract NADPH oxidases (NOX), catalyzing the reduction of molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are involved in several pathological conditions, such as stroke, diabetes, atherosclerosis, but also in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis. GKT136901 is a novel NOX-1/4 inhibitor with potential application in the areas of diabetic nephropathy, stroke, or neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated additional pharmacological activities of the compound with respect to direct free radic...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - July 8, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Schildknecht S, Weber A, Gerding HR, Pape R, Robotta M, Drescher M, Marquardt A, Daiber A, Ferger B, Leist M Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Molecular mechanisms of signaling via the docosanoid neuroprotectin D1 for cellular homeostasis and neuroprotection Cell Biology
Docosahexaenoic acid, enriched in the brain and retina, generates docosanoids in response to disruptions of cellular homeostasis. Docosanoids include neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), which is decreased in the CA1 hippocampal area of patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). We summarize here how NPD1 elicits neuroprotection by up-regulating c-REL, a nuclear factor (NF)-κB subtype that, in turn, enhances expression of BIRC3 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing protein 3) in the retina and in experimental stroke, leading to neuroprotection. Elucidating the mechanisms of action of docosanoids will contrib...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 28, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Aram Asatryan, Nicolas G. Bazan Tags: Minireviews Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 2323: Advances in Biosynthesis, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Pinocembrin, a Promising Natural Small-Molecule Drug
ng Yang Pinocembrin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in propolis, and it may also be widely found in a variety of plants. In addition to natural extraction, pinocembrin can be obtained by biosynthesis. Biosynthesis efficiency can be improved by a metabolic engineering strategy and a two-phase pH fermentation strategy. Pinocembrin poses an interest for its remarkable pharmacological activities, such as neuroprotection, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. Studies have shown that pinocembrin works excellently in treating ischemic stroke. Pinocembrin can reduce nerve damage in the ischemic area and reduce mitochon...
Source: Molecules - June 23, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xiaoling Shen Yeju Liu Xiaoya Luo Zhihong Yang Tags: Review Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 27, Pages 2484: Beneficial Effects of Capsaicin in Disorders of the Central Nervous System
k Capsaicin is a natural compound found in chili peppers and is used in the diet of many countries. The important mechanism of action of capsaicin is its influence on TRPV1 channels in nociceptive sensory neurons. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of capsaicin in cardiovascular and oncological disorders have been described. Many recent publications show the positive effects of capsaicin in animal models of brain disorders. In Alzheimer’s disease, capsaicin reduces neurodegeneration and memory impairment. The beneficial effects of capsaicin in Parkinson’s disease and depression have also be...
Source: Molecules - April 12, 2022 Category: Chemistry Authors: Micha ł Pasierski Bart łomiej Szulczyk Tags: Review Source Type: research

Arundic Acid a potential neuroprotective agent: biological development and syntheses.
Abstract Arundic acid has been experimented in vitro and in vivo as a potential neuroprotective agent. It modulates astrocyte activation by inhibiting the enhanced astrocytic synthesis of S-100β protein, responsible for inducing neuronal death. The phase II clinical trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, as well as clinical development in other neurodegenerative diseases including amytrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are recently completed. There is no review published in this area since its discovery as potential neuroprotective agent and the various syntheses rep...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - May 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Fernandes RA, Ingle AB Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Interaction of apoNeuroglobin with heme-Aβ complexes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
In this study, the interaction of heme-Aβ with apoNeuroglobin (apoNgb) has been investigated using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Absorption and resonance Raman data confirm that apoNgb can uptake heme from heme-Aβ and constitute a six-coordinate low-spin ferric heme-active site identical to that of Ngb. ApoNgb can also uptake heme from reduced heme-Aβ resulting in the formation of ferrous Ngb. The rate of the heme transfer reaction has been found to be of the order of 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The reaction is faster for oxidized heme-Aβ than the reduced form. The amount of PROS formation by heme-Aβ complexes h...
Source: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC - February 8, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Seal M, Uppal S, Kundu S, Dey SG Tags: J Biol Inorg Chem Source Type: research

The N-terminal Set-{beta} Protein Isoform Induces Neuronal Death Cell Biology
Set-β protein plays different roles in neurons, but the diversity of Set-β neuronal isoforms and their functions have not been characterized. The expression and subcellular localization of Set-β are altered in Alzheimer disease, cleavage of Set-β leads to neuronal death after stroke, and the full-length Set-β regulates retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and hippocampal neuron axon growth and regeneration in a subcellular localization-dependent manner. Here we used various biochemical approaches to investigate Set-β isoforms and their role in the CNS, using the same type of neurons, RGCs, across studies. We found multiple al...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 21, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Trakhtenberg, E. F., Morkin, M. I., Patel, K. H., Fernandez, S. G., Sang, A., Shaw, P., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Mlacker, G. M., Gao, H., Velmeshev, D., Dombrowski, S. M., Vitek, M. P., Goldberg, J. L. Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

MMP-mediated A{beta} Catabolism Protein Synthesis and Degradation
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been implicated in the physiological catabolism of Alzheimer's amyloid-β (Aβ). Conversely, their association with vascular amyloid deposits, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hemorrhagic transformations after ischemic stroke also highlights their involvement in pathological processes. To better understand this dichotomy, recombinant human (rh) MMP-2 and MMP-9 were incubated with Aβ40 and Aβ42, and the resulting proteolytic fragments were assessed via immunoprecipitation and quantitative mass spectrometry. Both MMPs generated Aβ fragments truncated only at the C ter...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - June 11, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hernandez-Guillamon, M., Mawhirt, S., Blais, S., Montaner, J., Neubert, T. A., Rostagno, A., Ghiso, J. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

α-Aryl-N-aryl nitrones: Synthesis and screening of a new scaffold for cellular protection against an oxidative toxic stimulus.
Abstract Nitrone-containing compounds are commonly employed as spin traps of free radical species in chemical and biological studies. Some molecules as α-phenyl-N-t-butyl nitrone (PBN) and its derivatives have been tested as potential drugs to treat oxidative stress related diseases, as Alzheimer and stroke for example. In this work we report the design and the synthesis of α-aryl-N-aryl nitrones and their cytoprotection profile on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) under induced oxidative stress. All the nine synthesized nitrones showed a significant response at low micromolar concentration. The selected compo...
Source: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry - January 15, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Matias AC, Biazolla G, Cerchiaro G, Keppler AF Tags: Bioorg Med Chem Source Type: research

Kinin B1 receptor mediates memory impairment in the rat hippocampus.
In this study, we investigated the role of bradykinin in short and long term memory consolidation (STM and LTM). It was observed that bilateral injection of BK (300 pmol/μl) disrupted the STM consolidation but not LTM, both evaluated by inhibitory avoidance test. The STM disruption due to BK injection was blocked by the previous injection of the B1R antagonist des-Arg10-HOE140 but not by the B2R antagonist HOE140. Additionally, the injection of the B1 agonist desArg9-BK disrupted STM and LTM consolidation at doses close to physiological concentration of the peptide (2.3 and 37.5 pmol, respectively) which could be reached ...
Source: Biological Chemistry - January 21, 2016 Category: Chemistry Tags: Biol Chem Source Type: research

Lipoprotein binding to anionic biopolyelectrolytes and the effect of glucose on nanoplaque formation in arteriosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
We described extensively molecular composition, conformation, form and function of the macromolecule heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS-PG). In two supplementary experimental settings (ellipsometry, myography), we utilized isolated HS-PG for in vitro nanoplaque investigations and isolated human coronary artery segments for in vivo tension measurements. With the ellipsometry-based approach, we were successful in establishing a direct connection on a molecular level between diabetes mellitus on the one side and arteriosclerosis/Alzheimer's disease on the other side. Application of glucose at a concentration representative for ...
Source: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science - February 19, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Siegel G, Mockenhaupt FH, Behnke AL, Ermilov E, Winkler K, Pries AR, Malmsten M, Hetzer R, Saunders R, Lindman B Tags: Adv Colloid Interface Sci Source Type: research

Neurotrophins' Modulation by Olive Polyphenols.
CONCLUSIONS: In this context, a better understanding of the effects of polyphenols on neurotrophins and their receptors (TrkA, TrkB, p75NTR) could certainly generate interest for drug discovery and also for the potential dietary prevention of several neurological and cardiometabolic diseases. PMID: 27356540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - June 25, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Fiore M, Ceccanti M, Carito V, Tarani L, Ferraguti G, Chaldakov GN Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Scutellarin as a therapeutic agent in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia.
Abstract Neuroinflammation plays an important role in different brain diseases including acute brain injuries such as cerebral ischemic stroke and chronic neurodegenerative diseases e.g. Alzheimer's disease etc. The central player in this is the activated microglia which produce substantial amounts of proinflammatory mediators that may exacerbate the disease. Associated with microglia activation is astrogliosis characterized by hypertrophic astrocytes with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, stem cell, neuronal and proliferation markers, all these are crucial for reconstruction...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - November 17, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wu CY, Fang M, Karthikeyan A, Yuan Y, Ling EA Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research