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Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease: a global cross‐sectional analysis
ConclusionEarly‐onset Alzheimer's disease is found more frequently in Native American Indians, Alaskans, Hawaiians and other minorities, including Hispanics; patients with EOAD have more anxiety or depression. EOAD occurs independently of hypertension, stroke and atrial fibrillation.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - April 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: P. K. Panegyres, H. Y. Chen, Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

FDA Approves Lecanemab, a New Alzheimer ’s Drug
On Jan. 6, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease in its early stages. Lecanemab, which will be available under the name Leqembi, can slow the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease by 27%, according to data submitted to the FDA by the drug’s developers, Eisai and Biogen. It’s only the second medication to show any improvement in neurodegeneration, a key criterion in the FDA’s consideration for approval. “For a long time, this is what we have been looking for,” says Dr. Sam Gandy, professor of neurology and psychi...
Source: TIME: Health - January 6, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized Drugs healthscienceclimate Source Type: news

Review: Cholinesterase inhibitors do not reduce progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment.
CONCLUSION In adults with mild cognitive impairment, cholinesterase inhibitors do not differ from placebo for progression to dementia at 1 and 3 years but increase nonserious adverse events.Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) vs placebo in adults with mild cognitive impairment*OutcomesNumber of trials (n)Weighted event ratesAt 16 wk to 3 yChEIsPlaceboRRR (95% CI)NNT (CI)Dementia at 1 y3 (2560)7.6%12%31% (0 to 53)NSDementia at 2 y2 (2048)12%18%33% (17 to 45)17 (12 to 34)Dementia at 3 y2 (1530)20%24%16% (-2 to 30)NSSerious adverse events6 (4207)19%19%3% (-10 to 14)NSRRI (CI)NNH (CI)Any adverse event6 (4207)89%82%9% (2 to 16)15...
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - February 19, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Masoodi N Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research

Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathological Aberrations
Abstract Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with AD have displayed decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which repair and maintain the endothelial function. Transplantation of EPCs has emerged as a promising approach for the management of cerebrovascular diseases including ischemic stroke, however, its impact on AD has been poorly described. Thus, the current study aimed at investigating the effects of bone marrow-derived (BM) EPCs transplantation in repeated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, an experimental mode...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effect of ninjin'yoeito, a Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine, on cognitive impairment and depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease: 2 years of observation
ConclusionsA 2‐year follow‐up of patients receiving donepezil and NYT treatment showed an improved cognitive outcome and alleviation of AD‐related depression.
Source: Psychogeriatrics - April 27, 2015 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Chiaki Kudoh, Ryutaro Arita, Mitsuru Honda, Taichi Kishi, Yasuhiro Komatsu, Hiroaki Asou, Masaru Mimura Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Enzymatic and solid-phase synthesis of new donepezil-based L- and d-glutamic acid derivatives and their pharmacological evaluation in models related to Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia.
Abstract Previously, we have described N-Bz-L-Glu[NH-2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-O-nHex (IQM9.21, L-1) as an interesting multifunctional neuroprotective compound for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe new derivatives and different synthetic routes, such as chemoenzymatic and solid-phase synthesis, aiming to improve the previously described route in solution. The lipase-catalysed amidation of L- and D-Glu diesters with N-benzyl-4-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine has been studied, using Candida antarctica and Mucor miehei lipases. In all cases, the α-amidated compound was obtained...
Source: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry - February 21, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Monjas L, Arce MP, León R, Egea J, Pérez C, Villarroya M, López MG, Gil C, Conde S, Rodríguez-Franco MI Tags: Eur J Med Chem Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapy for Vascular Cognitive Impairment
AbstractVascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). Stroke and cardiovascular risk factors have been linked to both AD and VCI and potentially can affect cognitive function in mid and later life. Various pharmacological agents, including donepezil, galantamine, and memantine, approved for the treatment of AD have shown modest cogni tive benefits in patients with vascular dementia (VaD). However, their functional and global benefits have been inconsistent. Donepezil has shown some cognitive benefit in patients with VaD only, and galantamine has shown some...
Source: CNS Drugs - August 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Donepezil down-regulates propionylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, butyrylation, succinylation, and crotonylation in the brain of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced vascular dementia rats.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of donepezil on VaD, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. VaD was established by ligation of the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Executive function was tested by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and the attentional set shifting task (ASST). Our results showed that donepezil improved executive dysfunction and cognitive flexibility in BCCAO rats. In addition, we showed that donepezil treatment decreased the level of Aβ1-42 in BCCAO rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are known to be critical me...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - May 17, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang H, Lu J, Gao WC, Ma X, Li N, Ding Z, Wu C, Zhu M, Qiao G, Xiao C, Zhang C, Chen C, Weng Z, Yang W, Zheng CB Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate- to high-certainty evidence that donepezil 5 mg, donepezil 10 mg, and galantamine have a slight beneficial effect on cognition in people with VCI, although the size of the change is unlikely to be clinically important. Donepezil 10 mg and galantamine 16 to 24 mg are probably associated with more adverse events than placebo. The evidence for rivastigmine was less certain. The data suggest that donepezil 10 mg has the greatest effect on cognition, but at the cost of adverse effects. The effect is modest, but in the absence of any other treatments, people living with VCI may still wish to consid...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 11, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ceri E Battle Azmil H Abdul-Rahim Susan D Shenkin Jonathan Hewitt Terry J Quinn Source Type: research