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Air Pollution Kills Millions Every Year: Action Needed
The World Health Organization calls air pollution the “single biggest environmental threat to human health" and estimates that 99 percent of the world’s population live in locations that are above WHO thresholds designed to protect human health. . Credit: Malav Goswami/IPSBy Felix HorneSep 2 2022 (IPS) Tarik, age 42, lives in a village adjacent to a decades-old coal power plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the day we visited, Bosnian cities were some of the most polluted places on Earth. Describing the devastating health toll the air pollution took each year on the village’s older residents he voiced his fear for hi...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - September 2, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Felix Horne Tags: Environment Global Headlines Health Source Type: news

Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil
CONCLUSIONS Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. T hese findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited.
Source: Revista de Saude Publica - May 21, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Prevalence of Frequent Mental Distress Among Illinois Adults With Chronic Conditions: Estimates From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011 to 2017.
CONCLUSIONS: Social stigmas related to depression and anxiety may lead to the underreporting of FMD. Chronic disease management programs in Illinois should consider integrating mental health services. PMID: 32133865 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Health Promotion : AJHP - March 4, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Price JD, Amerson NL, Barbour KE, Emuze DV Tags: Am J Health Promot Source Type: research

Burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2019Source: Preventive MedicineAuthor(s): Giulia Carreras, Alessandra Lugo, Silvano Gallus, Barbara Cortini, Esteve Fernández, Maria José López, Joan B. Soriano, Ángel López Nicolás, Sean Semple, Giuseppe Gorini, Yolanda Castellano, Marcela Fu, Montse Ballbè, Beladenta Amalia, Olena Tigova, Xavier Continente, Teresa Arechavala, Elisabet Henderson, Alessandra Lugo, Xiaoqiu LiuAbstractOur aim was to provide a systematic review of studies on the burden of disease due to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, reviewing methods, exposure assessment, diseases causally linked to SH...
Source: Preventive Medicine - September 8, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Linear association between number of modifiable risk factors and multiple chronic conditions: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2017 Source:Preventive Medicine Author(s): Mary L. Adams, Joseph Grandpre, David L. Katz, Douglas Shenson Multiple (≥2) chronic conditions (MCCs) are responsible for a large fraction of healthcare costs. Our aim was to examine possible associations between MCCs and composite measures of behavioral risk factors (RFs). Data were publicly available 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and included 483,865 non-institutionalized US adults ages ≥18years. Chronic conditions included asthma, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, heart...
Source: Preventive Medicine - September 15, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Chronic Health Conditions and Key Health Indicators Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Older US Adults, 2013-2014.
CONCLUSIONS: At substantial cost to society, many disparities in chronic conditions, disability, and mental distress observed in younger LGB adults persist, whereas others, such as cardiovascular disease risks, present in later life. Interventions are needed to maximize LGB health. PMID: 28700299 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Public Health - July 14, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim HJ, Shui C, Bryan AEB Tags: Am J Public Health Source Type: research

Overfed and Underfed: Global Food Extremes
The international community of nations has made commitments to eliminate hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition by 2030 and also to promote and protect health through nutritious diet, healthy eating and increased physical activity. Credit: IPSBy Joseph ChamieNEW YORK, Jun 12 2017 (IPS)Global food extremes of chronic undernourishment and obesity have brought about a bipolar world of hundreds of millions of underfed and overfed people. Of the world’s population of 7.5 billion the proportions suffering from chronic undernourishment and those afflicted by obesity are similar, approximately 11 percent or togethe...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - June 12, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Joseph Chamie Tags: Development & Aid Food & Agriculture Global Headlines Health Poverty & SDGs Regional Categories Source Type: news

Prevalence of Hypertension among Patients Attending Mobile Medical Clinics in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan
Conclusions Better planning and preparation by humanitarian actors seeking to decrease the overall morbidity and mortality associated with disasters should include treatment of NCDs. There is limited evidence regarding the optimal management of hypertension in disaster settings. Clinical care of patients with hypertension and other NCDs is an important part of disaster relief and recovery. We recommend future studies to determine best practices and evidence-based management of other NCDs (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, mental health etc.) in post-disaster settings. Competing Inter...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - December 20, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Authors: lindamob01 Source Type: research

Sociodemographic Patterns of Chronic Disease: How the Mid-South Region Compares to the Rest of the Country
Conclusions Future studies should test tailored interventions to address the specific needs of population subgroups in order to improve their health.
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine - December 14, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Mortality, hospital days and expenditures attributable to ambient air pollution from particulate matter in Israel
ConclusionsSubject to the caveat that our estimates were based on a limited number of non-randomly sited stations exposure data. The mortality, morbidity and monetary burden of disease attributable to air pollution from particulate matter in Israel is of sufficient magnitude to warrant the consideration of and prioritisation of technological interventions that are available to reduce air pollution from industrial, power generating and vehicular sources. The accuracy of our burden estimates would be improved if more precise estimates of population exposure were to become available in the future.
Source: Israel Journal of Health Policy Research - November 14, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Needs of Internally Displaced Women and Children in Baghdad, Karbala, and Kirkuk, Iraq
Conclusions The vulnerability of this population is great, and the emotional trauma of multiple displacements, kidnapping and deaths from intentional violence is great. While some aid is reaching families, much more is needed. Though Iraq is a middle income country, reaching the IDPs in central Iraq will take much more in international assistance than is currently being received. Unfortunately, at this time of great need, assistance is being cut back throughout the region because of lack of funding.10 The local civil society organizations which have sprung up in many locations to assist IDPs, offer an avenue for targeting ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - June 10, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Gilbert Burnham Source Type: research

A Process Evaluation of an Intervention to Promote Home Smoking Bans among Low Income Households
Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015 Source:Evaluation and Program Planning Author(s): Cam Escoffery, Lujca Bundy, Regine Haardoerfer, Carla J. Berg, Lara S. Savas, Rebecca S. Williams, Michelle C. Kegler Exposure to secondhand smoke occurs primarily in the home due to passage of smoke-free legislation. Creation of a total household smoking ban can reduce associated health conditions such as asthma, lung cancer, heart disease and stroke. This paper describes the results of a randomized control trial of a minimal intervention to create smoke-free homes. 2-1-1 callers were invited to participate in th...
Source: Evaluation and Program Planning - January 11, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Identifying and Describing the Impact of Cyclone, Storm and Flood Related Disasters on Treatment Management, Care and Exacerbations of Non-communicable Diseases and the Implications for Public Health
Conclusion Cyclone, flood and storm related disasters impact on treatment management and overall care for people with NCDs. This results in an increased risk of exacerbation of illness or even death. The interruption may be caused by a range of factors, such as damaged transport routes, reduced health services, loss of power and evacuations. The health impact varies according to the NCD. For people with chronic respiratory diseases, a disaster increases the risk of acute exacerbation. Meanwhile, for people with cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes there is an increased risk of their illness exacerbating, which can ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - September 28, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: jc164421 Source Type: research

A systematic review of barriers to optimal outpatient specialist services for individuals with prevalent chronic diseases: what are the unique and common barriers experienced by patients in high income countries?
Health utilization and need assessment data suggest there is considerable variation in access to outpatient specialist care. However, it is unclear if the types of barriers experienced are specific to chronic disease groups or experienced universally. This systematic review provides a detailed summary of common and unique barriers experienced by chronic disease groups when accessing and receiving care, and a synthesized list of possible health service initiatives to improve equitable delivery of optimal care in high-income countries. Quantitative articles describing barriers to specialist outpatient services were retrieved...
Source: International Journal for Equity in Health - June 9, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Elizabeth FradgleyChristine PaulJamie Bryant Source Type: research

Telephone-assisted placement of air nicotine monitors to validate self-reported smoke-free home policies
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease and respiratory problems. Among children, SHS exposure is associated with: increased risk of respiratory infections (including asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia); severity of asthma symptoms, middle ear infections; and sudden infant death syndrome. With increased policies restricting smoking in public places in the USA, homes are now the primary source of SHS exposure. However, having a smoke-free home reduces SHS exposure. As a result, interventions promoting smoke-free homes have been delivered through: clinic-based programme...
Source: Public Health - March 7, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: C.J. Berg, L. Bundy, C. Escoffery, R. Haardörfer, M.C. Kegler Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research