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Publications Output : U.S. Trends and International Comparisons
This report presents data on conference proceedings and peer-reviewed science and engineering journals that reflect the expanding volume of research activity, the involvement and scientific capabilities of different countries, and the growing research ecosystem demonstrated through international collaborations. Publication output grew 5 % over the past 4 years, led by China and other middle-income countries. Internationally collaborative research increased in 2020 with nearly one in four articles having coauthors from multiple countries. (Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources)
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 28, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Nondisclosure Agreements, Trade Secrets, and Trademarks Considered Very Important to More U.S. Businesses than Were Patents or Copyrights in 2017
The Annual Business Survey ( ABS ) asked a sample of the 4.6 million for-profit U.S. businesses with at least one employee to report the importance of various types of intellectual property ( IP ) protection to their business in 2017. According to estimates from the ABS, 7 % of for-profit U.S. businesses viewed trade secrets as very important to their business in 2017, and another 9 % viewed them as somewhat important. Nondisclosure agreements were reported by the largest share of businesses ( 20 % ) as a type of IP protection that is viewed as very important ( 9 % ) or somewhat important ( 11 % ) to their business. The AB...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 15, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

FFRDC Research and Development Expenditures : Fiscal Year 2020
These tables provide data on R&D expenditures for federally funded research and development centers ( FFRDCs ) . Expenditures data are displayed for individually named FFRDCs, by source of funding, and type of R&D. Data are from the FY 2020 FFRDC Research and Development Survey, by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the National Science Foundation. (Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources)
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 12, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Most Foreign-Born S & E Doctorate Recipients Who Stay in the United States after Graduation Work in S & E Occupations
Most employed early career stayers ( 86 % ) were working in a science and engineering ( S&E ) occupation in 2017. An early career stayer is defined as an S&E doctorate recipient who held a temporary visa at graduation from a U.S. academic institution ( graduated during 2006 – 15 ) , were at the early stage of their career, and were living in the United States in 2017. Another 7 % of these employed early career stayers with S&E doctorates worked in S&E-related occupations ( e.g., healthcare practitioners, S&E managers, and S&E technicians and technologists ) . Data are from surveys by the National Center for Science and E...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 12, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Federally Funded R & D Centers Report 3 % Increase in R & D Spending in FY 2020
This InfoBrief provides current data on the United States ’ 42 federally funded research and development centers ( FFRDCs ) , privately operated R&D organizations that are exclusively or substantially financed by the federal government. In FY 2020, these FFRDCs spent $ 23.5 billion on R&D, an annual increase of more than 3 % supported by a rise in federal R&D support. Total FFRDC R&D expenditures have seen an average annual constant dollar increase of almost 1 % from 2011 to 2020. These data are drawn from the FY 2020 FFRDC Research and Development Survey, conducted by National Center for Science and Engineering Statisti...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 12, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities : 2020
These 72 tables release data from the 2020 Survey of Earned Doctorates, an annual census of research doctorate recipients from U.S. universities. The tables include data on the representation of women, minorities, and temporary visa holders ; fields that are attracting doctorate students ; time to complete doctoral degree ; employment plans after graduation ; and educational pathways to the doctorate. Data will also be available in several custom data tools and a forthcoming ( December ) summary report will highlight important trends in the U.S. doctorate-earning population. The SED is sponsored by the National Center for ...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - October 5, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

FY 2016 Nonprofit Research Activities Survey : Summary of Methodology, Assessment of Quality, and Synopsis of Results
The nonprofit sector is one of four major sectors of the economy, along with business, government, and higher education, that performs or funds research and development. The FY 2016 Nonprofit Research Activities Survey marks the first nationally representative collection of R&D data from the nonprofit sector in more than 20 years. This working paper presents the results of that effort, followed by a discussion of the methodology, alternative estimates to help assess the accuracy of results, and lessons learned that can inform future data collections. The survey was conducted by the National Center for Science and Engineeri...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - September 21, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Academic Research and Development
This report examines R&D performed by U.S. higher education institutions. It discusses funding by source and S&E field for R&D activities and equipment and provides information on research space. It benchmarks the United States against other nations, and it looks at how academic R&D investments relate to investments in education and training of students and postdoctoral researchers. Academic R&D remains focused on basic research. Most of it is performed by a small percentage of U.S. higher education institutions. The federal government funds over half of academic R&D, although institutional support represents an increasing...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - September 14, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Three-Quarters of U.S. Businesses that Performed or Funded R & D Viewed Trade Secrets as Important in 2018
The Business Research and Development Survey ( BRDS ) , sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics ( NCSES ) within the National Science Foundation, provides data on R&D expenditures and R&D employees for for-profit, publicly or privately held, nonfarm business in the United States that performed or funded R&D either domestically or abroad. This InfoBrief examines how BRDS asked respondents to report the importance to their company of several types of intellectual property ( IP ) protection — including utility patents, design patents, trademarks, copyrights, mask works, and trade secrets. Mor...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - September 2, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Understanding Unsuccessful Innovation
Most studies of innovation that examine determinants of success or failure look exclusively at the factors that make innovation successful. To better understand causes and patterns of unsuccessful or failed innovation within firms, we conducted 19 case studies of failure from the past 20 years. These cases draw primarily from coverage by the popular and trade presses and highlight clear models of failure. This paper examines all aspects of the product or business process life cycle and found that innovation failure typically revolves around firms ’ inadequate pre-launch development activities, which lead to products that...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - September 2, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

The STEM Labor Force of Today : Scientists, Engineers, and Skilled Technical Workers
This report details several aspects of the U.S. STEM workforce, including growth, demographic makeup, earnings, and unemployment. The STEM workforce is made of occupations that require STEM skills and expertise, including occupations not typically considered STEM fields ( e.g., maintenance and repair, construction trades, and production occupations ) . In 2019, the STEM workforce represented 23 % of the total U.S. workforce, and over half of this workforce does not have a bachelor ’ s degree. (Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources)
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - August 31, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Where Are They Now ? Most Early Career U.S.-Trained S & E Doctorate Recipients with Temporary Visas at Graduation Stay and Work in the United States after Graduation
Foreign-born workers are a growing part of the U.S. science and engineering ( S&E ) workforce, and they earned about one-third of S&E doctorate degrees awarded by U.S. institutions in 2017. Most of these S&E doctorate recipients remained in the United States for employment after graduation ( 72 % ) , and many become U.S. citizens or permanent residents ( 67 % ) . China and India were the two largest source countries for U.S.-trained S&E doctorate holders with temporary visas at graduation. At least half of the early career S&E doctorate holders with temporary visas at graduation who were in the United States in 2017 ( earl...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - August 19, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Measuring R & D Workers Using NCSES Statistics
The National Survey of College Graduates ( NSCG ) , sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics ( NCSES ) within the National Science Foundation, provides data on the characteristics of U.S. college graduates, with a focus on those in the science and engineering workforce. Workers engaged in basic research, applied research, and experimental development ( R&D ) as a primary work activity ( RD1 ) is the new NCSES headline measure for R&D workers. This InfoBrief examines how data from the NSCG enables this recommended measure — which excludes design and R&D as a secondary activity, aligning more...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - August 9, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

First Comprehensive Innovation Survey for the United States : Data from the 2017 Annual Business Survey
More than two-fifths ( 43 % ) of the estimated 4.6 million for-profit companies with at least one employee introduced an innovation during 2015 – 17. Innovation is defined as the implementation of one or more new or significantly improved products or processes, a new marketing method, or a new organizational method. Eighteen percent of these companies introduced one or more product innovations, 16 % introduced one or more process innovations, 23 % introduced a marketing innovation, and 26 % introduced an organizational innovation. Data are from the 2017 Annual Business Survey, which provides the first comprehensive view ...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - July 28, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news

Growth in Federal S & E Support to HBCUs Continues to Lag Behind Increases to All Institutions in FY 2019
In FY 2019, federal agency obligations to universities and colleges for science and engineering ( S&E ) activities increased to a historical high of $ 38.1 billion in current dollars, up 8 % from FY 2018. During the same period, obligations for S&E support to historically Black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) increased at a slower rate, up 7 % between FY 2018 and FY 2019, to $ 341 million. Although the past 2 fiscal years show increased federal obligations for S&E to HBCUs, there is still an overall long-term decline since the early 2000s. Estimates are from the FY 2019 Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support...
Source: NSF - Statistics on U.S. Science and Engineering Resources - July 15, 2021 Category: Statistics Source Type: news