Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Language Symptoms due to Cerebellar Injury
In this study, we present the first systematic review of the diverse language symptoms in spoken language after cerebellar lesion that were reported in case studies for the last 30 years (18 clinical cases from 13 papers), and meta-analysis using cluster analysis with bootstrap and symptom co-occurrence analysis. Seven clusters of patients with similar language symptoms after cerebellar lesions were found. Co-occurrence analysis revealed pairs of symptoms that tend to be com orbid. Our results imply that the “linguistic cerebellum” has a multiform contribution to language function. The most possible mechanism of such...
Source: The Cerebellum - October 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinical Trial-Ready Patient Cohorts for Multiple System Atrophy: Coupling Biospecimen and iPSC Banking to Longitudinal Deep-Phenotyping
We present 38 iPSC lines derived from MSA patients and relevant disease controls (spinocerebellar ataxia and PD, including alpha-synuclein triplication cases), 22 matched to whole-genome sequenced postmortem brain. iPSC models may facilitate matching patients to appropriate therapies, particularly in heterogeneous diseases for which patient-specific biology may elude animal models. We anticipate that deeply phenotyped and genotyped patient cohorts matched to cellular models will increase the likelihood of success in clinical trials for MSA. (Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - October 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hernias of the Cerebellum
AbstractThe presentCerebellar Classic highlights a paper published in 1908 by the American pathologist Simeon Burt Wolbach (1880 –1954), in which he reported multiple hernias of the cerebellum for the first time in 9 cases of increased intracranial pressure. The importance of the meninges and the anatomy of involved compartments is emphasized. (Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - September 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Modulation of Resting-State Brain Complexity After Bilateral Cerebellar Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Randomized Controlled Trial Study
ConclusionBilateral cerebellar anodal tDCS modulated and increased the brain complexity in children with ASD with no any reported adverse effect. Hereby, cerebellum and cerebellar-cerebral circuitry would serve as a promising target for non-invasive brain stimulation and neuro-modulation as a therapeutic intervention. (Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Toward More Accessible Fully Automated 3D Volumetric MRI Decision Trees for the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy, Related Disorders, and Age-Matched Healthy Subjects
AbstractDifferentiating multiple system atrophy (MSA) from related neurodegenerative movement disorders (NMD) is challenging. MRI is widely available and automated decision-tree analysis is simple, transparent, and resistant to overfitting. Using a retrospective cohort of heterogeneous clinical MRIs broadly sourced from a tertiary hospital system, we aimed to develop readily translatable and fully automated volumetric diagnostic decision-trees to facilitate early and accurate differential diagnosis of NMDs. 3DT1 MRI from 171 NMD patients (72 MSA, 49 PSP, 50 PD) and 171 matched healthy subjects were automatically segmented ...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Discovery of the Monoaminergic Innervation of the Cerebellum: Convergence of Divergent and Point-to-Point Systems
AbstractThisCerebellar Classic highlights the landmark discovery of the innervation of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei by noradrenergic and serotoninergic axons emanating, respectively, from the locus coeruleus and the raph é nuclei. Since then, modulation of the activity of cerebellar neurons by the monoamine systems has been studied extensively, as well as their reorganization and modifications during development, plasticity, and disease. The discovery of noradrenergic and serotoninergic innervation of the cerebellu m has been a crucial step in understanding the neurochemical relationships between brainstem ...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Noradrenergic Pathway to the Cerebellum: the Study Must Go On
AbstractIn 1967, And én, Fuxe, and Ungerstedt demonstrated the presence of monoamine-containing fibers in the rat cerebellum. Over the past 50 years, this finding has provided clinical relevance of the noradrenergic system to the cerebellum. Cerebellar dysfunction and noradrenergic system may relate to tremor in Parki nson disease and essential tremor, motor learning, and the vestibulo–ocular reflex in spinocerebellar ataxias. Cognition and emotion may also be linked to the cerebellar noradrenergic system, in relation to the symptoms of Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and attention-deficit/hyperac tivity ...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Vestibulocerebellum and the Shattered Self: a Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype
AbstractThe flocculus is a region of the vestibulocerebellum dedicated to the coordination of neck, head, and eye movements for optimal posture, balance, and orienting responses. Despite growing evidence of vestibular and oculomotor impairments in the aftermath of traumatic stress, little is known about the effects of chronic psychological trauma on vestibulocerebellar functioning. Here, we investigated alterations in functional connectivity of the flocculus at rest among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) as compared to healthy controls. Forty-four healthy ...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebellar Prediction and Feeding Behaviour
AbstractGiven the importance of the cerebellum in controlling movements, it might be expected that its main role in eating would be the control of motor elements such as chewing and swallowing. Whilst such functions are clearly important, there is more to eating than these actions, and more to the cerebellum than motor control. This review will present evidence that the cerebellum contributes to homeostatic, motor, rewarding and affective aspects of food consumption.Prediction and feedback underlie many elements of eating, as food consumption is influenced by expectation. For example, circadian clocks cause hunger in antic...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinical and Genetic Features of Multiplex Families with Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson ’s Disease
This study further emphasizes the occurrence of MSA and PD in first-degree relatives, raising the possibility that a common genetic basis underlies MSA and PD. Even though variants ofCOQ2 andGBA were identified in some patients in multiplex families with MSA and PD, it is necessary to further explore as yet unidentified genetic risk factors shared by MSA and PD. (Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - September 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Visuomotor Adaptation Deficits in Patients with Essential Tremor
AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is a progressive movement disorder whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. Current evidence supports the view that the cerebellum is critically involved in the genesis of the tremor in ET. However, it is still unknown whether cerebellar dysfunction affects not only the control of current movements but also the prediction of future movements through dynamic adaptation toward a changed environment. Here, we tested the capacity of 28 patients with ET to adapt in a visuomotor adaptation task known to depend on intact cerebellar function. We found specific impairments in that task compared t...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Analysis of the Clinical Features and Imaging Findings of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 2D Caused by Mutations in SEPSECS Gene
In this study, we analyzed the clinical features and imaging findings of these individuals, so as to provide references for the clinic. We reported a case of PCH2D caused by a new complex heterozygote mutation in SEPSECS gene, and reviewed the literatures to summarize the clinical features and imaging findings and compare the differences between early-onset patients (EOPs) and late-onset patients (LOPs). Of 23 PCH2D patients, 19 cases were early-onset and 4 cases were late-onset, with average ages of 4.1 ± 4.0 years and 21.8 ± 9.4 years, females were more prevalent (14/19). EOPs mainly distributed in Arab coun...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Does Head Tremor Predict Postural Instability After Bilateral Thalamic Stimulation in Essential Tremor?
AbstractEssential tremor (ET) may present with head tremor (HT), of presumed cerebellar nature. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus of the thalamus is a highly effective therapy for medication-refractory ET. However, stimulation-related side effects may include cerebellar abnormalities, such as postural instability. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of post-Vim DBS postural instability (primary outcome measure) in patients with versus without head tremor (HT vs. nHT). The primary outcome measure, namely post-DBS postural instability, was assessed in both groups usi...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Physiological Recordings of the Cerebellum in Movement Disorders
AbstractThe cerebellum plays an important role in movement disorders, specifically in symptoms of ataxia, tremor, and dystonia. Understanding the physiological signals of the cerebellum contributes to insights into the pathophysiology of these movement disorders and holds promise in advancing therapeutic development. Non-invasive techniques such as electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram can record neural signals with high temporal resolution at the millisecond level, which is uniquely suitable to interrogate cerebellar physiology. These techniques have recently been implemented to study cerebellar physiology in heal...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The C-Terminal Cross-linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTX-I) as a Potential Cardiomyopathy Biomarker in Friedreich Ataxia Patients
AbstractFriedreich ’s ataxia (FRDA) is the most common inherited recessive ataxia. Cardiomyopathy (CM) with myocardial hypertrophy is the predominant cause of death. The presence of CM is variable and the risk factors for cardiac involvement are not entirely clear. Markers of collagen degradation, such as C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), seem to be associated with unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of our study was to measure serum CTX-I as a marker of cardiac fibrosis in FRDA patients. We measured serum CTX value in twenty-five FRDA patients (mean age, 31.3 ± 14.7 years) a...
Source: The Cerebellum - September 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
