Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Cerebellum on Performance of a Ballistic Targeting Movement
This study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the cerebellum on changes in motor performance during a series of repetitive ballistic-targeting tasks. Twenty-two healthy young adults (n = 12 in the active-rTMS group andn = 10 in the sham rTMS group) participated in this study. The participants sat on a chair in front of a monitor and fixed their right forearms to a manipulandum. They manipulated the handle with the flexion/extension of the wrist to move the bar on the monitor. Immediately after a beep sound was played, the participant moved the bar as quickly a...
Source: The Cerebellum - July 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Survey of the Metabolic Landscape of the Developing Cerebellum at Single-Cell Resolution
AbstractThe use of cell-culture models to investigate development and disease of the cerebellum is a recent advance, facilitated by the discovery that patterning of precursors is capable of giving rise to cells with specific neuronal identity. Pluripotent stem cell –derived organoids, which exhibit self-organisational characteristics reminiscent of early cerebellar tissue, present a number of challenges including recapitulation of conditions resembling the mature brain. An understanding of the processes driving fetal and postnatal maturation is required to r eproduce these conditions in vitro and advance the capability o...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
An Update on the Measurement of Motor Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease that often affects the cerebellum. It is characterised by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Damage to the cerebellum in MS is associated with increased disability and decreased quality of life. Symptoms include gait and balance problems, motor speech disorder, upper limb dysfunction, and oculomotor difficulties. Monitoring symptoms is crucial for effective management of MS. A combination of clinical, neuroimaging, and task-based measures is generally used to diagnose and monitor MS. This paper reviews the present an...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in a Case of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
(Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - June 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Liaison Brought to Light: Cerebellum-Hippocampus, Partners for Spatial Cognition
AbstractThis review focuses on the functional and anatomical links between the cerebellum and the hippocampus and the role of their interplay in goal-directed navigation and spatial cognition. We will describe the interactions between the cerebellum and the hippocampus at different scales: a macroscopic scale revealing the joint activations of these two structures at the level of neuronal circuits, a mesoscopic scale highlighting the synchronization of neuronal oscillations, and finally a cellular scale where we will describe the activity of hippocampal neuronal assemblies following a targeted manipulation of the cerebella...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cholecystokinin Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptors: a Purkinje Cell Neuroprotective Pathway
AbstractThis is a summary of the virtual presentation given at the 2021 meeting of the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias,https://www.meetings.be/SRCA2021/, where the therapeutic potential of the CCK-CCK1R pathway for treating diseases involving Purkinje cell degeneration was presented. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of a group of almost 50 genetic diseases characterized by the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The SCA1Pcp2-ATXN1[30Q]D776 mouse model displays ataxia, i.e. Purkinje cell dysfunction, but lacks progressive Purkinje cell degeneration. RNA-seq revealed increased expression ...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinical and Molecular Findings of Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix Saguenay: an Iranian Case Series Expanding the Genetic and Neuroimaging Spectra
AbstractAutosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS) is now increasingly identified from all countries over the world, possibly rendering it one of the most common autosomal recessive ataxias. Here, we selected patients harboringSACS variants, the causative gene for ARSACS, in a large cohort of 137 patients with early-onset ataxia recruited from May 2019 to May 2021 and were referred to the ataxia clinic. Genetic studies were performed for 111 out of 137 patients (81%) which led to a diagnostic rate of 72.9% (81 out of 111 cases). Ten patients with the molecular diagnosis of ARSACS were identified. We...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Transcription Factor, α1ACT, Acts Through a MicroRNA Network to Regulate Neurogenesis and Cell Death During Neonatal Cerebellar Development
AbstractMicroRNAs, a class of small RNA regulators, function throughout neurodevelopment, from neural stem cell neurogenesis to neuronal maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. α1ACT, a transcription factor (TF), plays a critical role in neonatal cerebellar development by regulating an ensemble of genes. Of these, ChIP-seq analysis matched near 50% genes directly regulated by α1ACT. Yet, more than half the regulated transcripts lacked direct interaction with α1ACT. To investigate whether α1ACT acts through a microRNA network, we studied α1ACT-associated simultaneous miRNA:mRNA transcriptome profiles, usingâ€...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Christophe Habas (1966 –2022)—in Memoriam
(Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - June 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Differences in Structure and Function of the Cerebellum Between Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals and Mandarin Monolinguals: a Multi-model MRI Study
Abstract  The effects of the long-term bilingual experience on structure and function of the cerebellum remain unclear. To explore whether there are differences in cerebellar gray matter structure between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals and whether these different cerebellar structures have different resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the cerebrum between the two groups, 30 Cantonese-Mandarin bilingual and 30 Mandarin monolingual college students were scanned by the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Voxel-based morphology (VBM) analysis an...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Endothelial Rbpj Is Required for Cerebellar Morphogenesis and Motor Control in the Early Postnatal Mouse Brain
AbstractIntercellular influences are necessary for coordinated development and function of vascular and neural components in the brain. In the early postnatal period after birth, the mammalian cerebellum undergoes extensive morphogenesis — developing its characteristic lobules, organizing its diverse cell types into defined cellular layers, and establishing neural circuits that support cerebellar function, such as coordinated movement. In parallel, the cerebellar vasculature undergoes extensive postnatal growth and maturation, kee ping pace with the expanding neural compartment. Endothelial deletion of Rbpj leads to neur...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Speech Impairment in Cerebellar Ataxia Affects Naturalness More Than Intelligibility
AbstractThe purpose of this analysis was to document intelligibility and naturalness in ataxia, a neurological condition that results from cerebellar damage. The cerebellum is important for normal speech production to scale and coordinate articulatory and laryngeal movements. The disruption of these cerebellar mechanisms has unique implications for how intelligibility and naturalness are affected in ataxia. The results of research on speech in ataxia have important clinical implications for assessment and treatment of individuals with ataxic dysarthria. Speech samples from 27 participants with ataxia and 28 age- and sex-ma...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in a Case of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
(Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - June 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Utilising TMS-EEG to Assess the Response to Cerebellar-Brain Inhibition
Abstract  Cerebellar-brain inhibition (CBI) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm indexing excitability of cerebellar projections to motor cortex (M1). Stimulation involved with CBI is often considered to be uncomfortable, and alternative ways to index connectivity between cerebellum and the cortex would be valuable. We therefore sought to assess the utility of electroencephalography in conjunction with TMS (combined TMS-EEG) to record the response to CBI. A total of 33 volunteers (25.7  ± 4.9 years, 20 females) participated across three experiments. These investigated EEG responses to CBI induced wi...
Source: The Cerebellum - June 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessing CBI with TMS-EEG
(Source: The Cerebellum)
Source: The Cerebellum - June 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
