Test yourself MCQ and single best answer
For questions 1 –4, select the statements which are true and which are false. The correct answers are given below. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - October 1, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Adrian Ben Cresswell Tags: Test Yourself Source Type: research
Anatomy of the stomach
The stomach is the most dilated portion of the muscular tube that forms the digestive tract. It is located between the oesophagus proximally, and the duodenum distally. Developmentally, the stomach is a derivative of the embryonic foregut, and this derivation is reflected in its arterial supply from the coeliac trunk – the artery to the foregut. Physiologically, the stomach acts simultaneously as a temporary food store, an organ of digestion, and a mechanism to control the rate of flow of digested food into the small intestine where absorption occurs. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 25, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Peter J Bazira Tags: Oesophagus and stomach Source Type: research
Anatomy of the oesophagus
This article describes, in detail, those aspects of the topographical anatomy of the oesophagus which are of relevance to clinical diagnosis and surgical management. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 25, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Peter J. Bazira Tags: Basic science Source Type: research
Bariatric metabolic surgery
Obesity is a significant and growing health burden to both patients and the public health service in the United Kingdom. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and should be viewed as a chronic, multi-system disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. Despite advancements in understanding its pathophysiology, novel treatments, and targeted management, the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related health conditions continues to rise. The goals of obesity treatment have shifted from a simplistic focus on reducing BMI to improving health and reducing the burden of related comorbidit...
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 24, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Yashashwi Sinha, Mohamed Saleem Noor Mohamed, Aisha Anwer, Ruchir Mashar, Tom Wiggins Tags: Oesophagus and stomach Source Type: research
Acute hot joint assessment and management
An acute hot swollen joint is a common presentation in the emergency department and may present as a diagnostic dilemma for many clinicians. The aim of this article is to provide a straightforward approach to assessing a patient with an acutely swollen joint. This includes taking a focused history, general and specific examinations, investigations, considering important differentials, and treatment modalities. Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can have catastrophic results including joint destruction, bacteraemia, septic shock and death. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 19, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Laxmi Venkatachalam, Charlotte Lewis Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Principles of bone healing
This article outlines the biology of bone and fracture healing. The complex mechanisms involved in fracture healing can be broadly classified into indirect and direct bone healing. The most common mechanism is indirect bone healing as it does not need rigidly stable conditions or anatomical reduction, but occurs through a complex biological pathway of acute inflammation and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to generate a primary cartilaginous callus. Bone healing occurs through endochondral ossification and intramembranous bone formation. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 12, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Suresh Kondi, Sushmith R. Gowda Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Pathological fractures for the MRCS
Pathological fractures occur within abnormal bone often at normal physiological load. Whilst uncommon, they should always be considered with low energy or atraumatic fractures and in those with signs, symptoms or a past medical history of malignancy. Early recognition is important as pathological fractures require investigation regarding their underlying cause before a decision regarding optimal management can be made. Elements within the patient history, examination and plane film radiographic imaging can alert clinicians to a potential pathological fracture. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 11, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Benjamin Woolner, Charmilie Chandrakumar, Bhavisha A. Patel, Luke W. Harries, Jasmeet Jhaj, Andrew Tasker Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Common paediatric congenital deformities
Congenital paediatric deformities are an extensive topic, with a diverse occurrence and presentation in orthopaedic practice. Some conditions, such as hip dysplasia and clubfeet, are more common, and may be encountered routinely in clinic. However, a large majority of anomalies are comparatively rare. Their association with medical conditions, variable presentation and multidisciplinary approach in management, makes the topic essential knowledge in orthopaedic practice. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 9, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Taushaba Hossain, Alexander Aarvold Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
The orthopaedic trauma list – principles and planning
The planning and coordination of an orthopaedic trauma list is a core skill. It is applicable to all grades of trainee and senior staff, as to be successful, it requires input and coordination by all members of the clinical team. There are several, predictable domains of patient care that must be considered and balanced when constructing a trauma list. These are broad and are only in part clinical, as logistical and philosophical elements also play a role. We outline the issues impacting on trauma list construction and coordination and provide a framework to base decision making on. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Will Eardley, Sarah Nellis, Tim Meek Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Non-accidental injuries in children
Non-accidental injury (NAI) poses a complex problem to healthcare professionals around the world. There are no specific signs or symptoms that directly correlate with the inflicted injury, but diagnosis is based on high index of suspicion in cases where there is confounding history, disproportionate injury, radiological findings, together with social circumstances. The age of the child is a known risk factor, with the younger child being more likely to suffer recurrent and severe trauma, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Taushaba Hossain, Matthew Barry Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Necrotizing fasciitis
(NF) is a rare life-threatening skin and soft tissue infection. Most commonly the result of trauma, it rapidly spreads through the fascial planes and causes necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues. The disease is classified into different types depending on the underlying bacteria responsible, with Group A streptococcus reported as the most common organism found. Reaching a diagnosis of NF is often challenging due to its non-specific signs and symptoms. A delay to recognition and treatment significantly increases the risk of mortality. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Charlotte Wray, Omar-Adam Salim, Daniel Marsland Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Paediatric forearm fractures, evidence update and BOAST guidelines
Forearm and wrist fractures are the most common fractures in children. Compared with adults, children have different fracture patterns, and their bones have better remodelling potential. Despite the frequency of injuries, until recently there has been little evidence to guide treatment, with considerable variation in practice. The “British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma (BOAST): Early Management of Paediatric Forearm Fractures” has provided the orthopaedic community with coherent standards for management of angulated but not off-ended fractures. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Ha Phuong Do Le, Daniel C. Perry Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Tourniquet use in trauma and orthopaedics, how and when: current evidence
This article is designed to review the recently published papers to provide clinical guidance for the safe use of the techniques intraoperatively to minimize the possible complications. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Farouk Hamad, Nigel Rossiter Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Principles of consent in trauma and orthopaedics
Consent is one of the essential elements of daily practice for clinicians working in Trauma and Orthopaedics. Autonomy is the right of competent adults to make informed decisions about their care. GMC guidance has placed a professional burden on surgeons to provide informed decision making. The Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board (2015) case set a precedent that has driven the modernization of consenting practice, raising the status of shared decision making from guidance to legal requirement. (Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 8, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Christopher Wilson, Qamar Mustafa, Tim Crook Tags: General principles and paediatrics Source Type: research
Contents
(Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing))
Source: Surgery (Medicine Publishing) - September 1, 2023 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
