Astrocytes in Ageing
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:253-277. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_11.ABSTRACTAgeing is associated with a morphological and functional decline of astrocytes with a prevalence of morphological atrophy and loss of function. In particular, ageing is manifested by the shrinkage of astrocytic processes: branches and leaflets, which decreases synaptic coverage. Astrocytic dystrophy affects multiple functions astrocytes play in the brain active milieu. In particular, and in combination with an age-dependent decline in the expression of glutamate transporters, astrocytic atrophy translates into deficient glutamate clearance and K+ ...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - April 29, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Alexei Verkhratsky Alexey Semyanov Source Type: research
Hearing and Ageing
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:279-290. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_12.ABSTRACTAge-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, occurs in most mammals, humans included, with a different age of onset and magnitude of loss. It is associated with two major symptoms: loss of sensitivity to sound, especially for high pitches, and a reduced ability to understand speech in background noise. This phenomenon involves both the peripheral structures of the inner ear and the central acoustic pathways. Several mechanisms have been identified as pro-ageing in the human cochlea. The main one is the oxidative stress. The inner ear physiolog...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - April 29, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Mariapia Guerrieri Roberta Di Mauro Stefano Di Girolamo Arianna Di Stadio Source Type: research
Melatonin and Aging
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:291-307. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_13.ABSTRACTThe health problems associated with the aging process are becoming increasingly widespread due to the increase in mean life expectancy taking place globally. While decline of many organ functions is an unavoidable concomitant of senescence, these can be delayed or moderated by a range of factors. Among these are dietary changes and weight control, taking sufficient exercise, and the utilization of various micronutrients. The utility of incurring appropriate changes in lifestyle is generally not confined to a single organ system but has a broadly p...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - April 29, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Stephen C Bondy Source Type: research
Protein and Energy Supplements for the Elderly
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:309-339. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_14.ABSTRACTThe proportion of elderly individuals is rising globally, and data have shown that as high as 8% of the elderly community suffer from malnutrition. Protein energy malnutrition has shown to elevate morbidity and mortality risk in the elderly; therefore, protein and energy supplement are needed for the elderly populations to create healthy conditions. This chapter describes about general structure of protein, protein turnover, amino acid metabolism including metabolism in the elderly, protein change in aging, supplementation of amino acid as well as...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - April 29, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Novi Silvia Hardiany Istiqomah Agusta Syarifah Dewi Febriana Catur Iswanti Reni Paramita Source Type: research
Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants
Subcell Biochem. 2023;103:341-435. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15.ABSTRACTThe gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify th...
Source: Sub-Cellular Biochemistry - April 29, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ana L Santos Sanchari Sinha Source Type: research
