Inequalities in Health: Definitions, Concepts and Measurements —An Application in the Regional Health Authority in Italy
AbstractPolicymakers, researchers, and public health practitioners have long sought not only to improve overall population health but also to reduce or eliminate differences in health based on geography, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other social factors. Italian healthcare authorities and health policy makers are called to help to both solve existing inequities in accessing healthcare and remove barriers to healthcare. In this context, COVID-19 has highlighted the aspect of inequalities. Our paper proposes an overview of different methods of measuring health inequalities and their applications, both in regiona...
Source: Social Indicators Research - August 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Relative Poverty Scale Measurement and Trend Analysis Between Provinces in China
AbstractAfter eradicating absolute poverty under the current rural poverty standard (living standard of 2300 RMB per person per year at 2010 constant prices) in 2020, China will enter the post-poverty era, in which the focus of anti-poverty in China will shift to narrowing the gap and pursuing fairness and shared prosperity in relative poverty. Identifying and measuring the scale of the relative poverty group is an essential prerequisite for effective relative poverty management. Based on the reality of China ’s extensive territory and unbalanced and uncoordinated regional development, this article calculates the relativ...
Source: Social Indicators Research - August 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Inequalities in Health: Definitions, Concepts and Measurements —An Application in the Regional Health Authority in Italy
AbstractPolicymakers, researchers, and public health practitioners have long sought not only to improve overall population health but also to reduce or eliminate differences in health based on geography, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other social factors. Italian healthcare authorities and health policy makers are called to help to both solve existing inequities in accessing healthcare and remove barriers to healthcare. In this context, COVID-19 has highlighted the aspect of inequalities. Our paper proposes an overview of different methods of measuring health inequalities and their applications, both in regiona...
Source: Social Indicators Research - August 1, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
An Integrated Approach to the Conceptualisation and Measurement of Social Cohesion
AbstractThe core sociological subject of ‘social cohesion’ (hereafter SC) has re-emerged as a key concept in the social sciences. On the one hand, SC is thought to be influenced by a society’s degree of inequalities and the quality of its welfare state. On the other hand, SC is thought to be instrumental in its own right to other fac tors such as economic growth, institutional quality, and individual well-being. In recent years, a few attempts have been made to measure SC empirically. Many current indices have not been sufficiently theoretically substantiated, and do not consider the importance of different ‘social...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Absolutely Relative: How Education Shapes Voter Turnout in the United States
AbstractWhy has voter turnout in the United States not increased proportionally with educational attainment over time? Relative education theories have attempted to answer this question by highlighting how the value of individuals ’ education may be influenced by the educational levels achieved by others. For instance, individuals may attain a higher level of education compared to previous generations, but the relative value of their education may not improve if society as a whole also achieves higher levels of education . Thus, this increased educational attainment may have little influence on voter turnout. Using a ...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Working Poverty in T ürkiye: A Dynamic Panel Analysis
AbstractEmployment is a key instrument to tackle poverty. However, working poverty continues to be a major issue and has caught significant attention especially in developed countries. This issue is of primary relevance also for middle-income developing countries such as T ürkiye, but it has not yet been sufficiently investigated. This paper examines working poverty in Türkiye based on a dynamic analysis framework, using the 2007–2017 panel waves of the Survey of Income and Living Conditions. Specifically, it estimates the determinants of working poverty while con trolling for state dependence and unobservable heteroge...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Effects of the COVID-19-induced Lockdown on the Social Capital and Cultural Capital in Italy
AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the Cultural and Social Capitals in Italy in a large group of adults (n = 1125). The relationships between the COVID-19 spread and participants’ Cultural Capital, Social Capital, educational level, occupational prestige, and age were studied using structural equation models. For women but not for men, pandemic spread was positively affected by occupational presti ge and it had a positive relationship with their Social Capital (women: CFI = 0.949; RMSEA = 0.059 [CI = 0.045-0.075]; men: CFI = 0.959; RMSEA = 0.064 [C...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Exploring the Gender Gap in Teleworking from Home. The Roles of Worker ’s Characteristics, Occupational Positions and Gender Equality in Europe
AbstractPrevious research suggests an under-representation of women among teleworkers before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we know little about whether such a gender gap was substantial, and whether it could be explained by occupational gender segregation. We explore whether a gender gap in regularly teleworking existed in the EU-28 and analyse its possible constituents, drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. To form a group of potential teleworkers, the analytical sample was restricted to employees who made use of information and communication technology (N ≈ 16,000). Country fixed effe...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Social Mobility from a Gender Perspective: Dynamics of Mothers ’ Roles in Daughters’ Labor Market Performance
This study empirically examines the roles that mothers play in daughters ’ income across different birth cohorts. While existing studies mostly focus on the relationship between fathers’ roles and sons’ status, we test two different maternal roles in explaining daughters’ performance. The first role is based on the mirroring effect; i.e., the positive effect of a mother’s stronger position in the labor market on her daughter(s). Meanwhile, the second role is based on the educational manager effect; i.e., the negative effect of mother’s labor market participation. This research focuses on South Korea by utilizin...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
“Why Call It Equality?” Revisited: An Extended Critique of the EIGE Gender Equality Index
AbstractIn this paper, we review the methodology of one of the most comprehensive indices of gender equality, the Gender Equality Index by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Building on Permanyer ’s (J Eur Soc Policy, 25(4):414–430, 2015) critical analysis, we offer an extended critique of the EIGE’s current methodology, focusing on four interrelated issues: (a) the lack of transparency around the methodological decisions and the concomitant implicit theorising, (b) the continuing over -contribution of the ‘correcting coefficient’ to the index such that it predominantly captures achievement levels...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Homeworking and Employee Job Stress and Work Engagement: A Multilevel Analysis from 34 European Countries
AbstractWorking from home (WFH) has had both positive and negative impacts on the work conduct. To maximise the benefits of homeworking, previous literature mainly focuses on creating self-help strategies for homeworkers to reduce work stress and maintain work engagement. However, fewer studies take on the policymaker perspective and evaluate optimal working conditions in the homeworking context. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study evaluates the effects of various work characteristics (job demands and resources) on the stress and engagement of infrequent and frequent homeworkers. Using the sixth Europe...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Towards ISEW and GPI 2.0: Dealing with Cross-Time and Cross-Boundary Issues in a Case Study for Belgium
AbstractScholars have long had difficulties when dealing with cross-time and cross-boundary issues in the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). This case study for Belgium is the very first that tackles these complexities by calculating two ISEW-variants with distinct time and boundary perspectives that are based on Fisherian or Hicksian income. Experiential welfare looks at what is currently experienced within domestic borders, whereas the benefits and costs of present activities also include the welfare impacts shifted in time and space. The former construct only registers pre...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Does Economic Growth Bound Political Rights in Non-democracies? An Empirical Evaluation
AbstractThe present paper aims to examine whether the impact of economic growth on political rights/civil liberties depends on the political environment. The paper introduces the concept of political disinterest, which defines social unawareness/unresponsiveness to the loss of political rights/civil liberties in cases of expansion of economic opportunities, and which is proxied by economic growth in the empirical part of the study. The paper argues that political disinterest causes a negative impact of economic growth on political rights/civil liberties. The study uses data for 142 countries from 1996 to 2017 to empiricall...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Vulnerabilities in Mental Health due to Covid-19 Pandemic: The Response of the Italian Physicians
AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities in societies. In this paper we analyse the categories that have suffered more than others from the pandemic and the restrictions on social life in terms of mental health. We rely on the Serendipity project based on a survey administered between November 2021 and February 2022 to a sample of Italian physicians (n = 1281). The survey aimed to assess the perception of general practitioners, paediatricians, geriatricians, and mental health specialists (psychiatrists, neurologists, child neuropsychiatrists), about changes in the men...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Exploring Social Capital Level in Regions with Large and Increasing Wealth Inequality: Lesson from Seoul, South Korea
This study explores the correlation between housing price inequality and social interaction levels in Seoul. For this analysis, the housing price Gini coefficient was utilized through the housing transaction price, and social interaction was measured using the Korea Housing Survey. The results of this study indicate that the social interaction level was low in regions with large housing price inequality. Moreover, the social interaction level was low in regions where housing price inequality increased for 10 years. Furthermore, the negative correlation between housing price inequality and social interaction was significa...
Source: Social Indicators Research - July 24, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
