The Current State
Acute polio, once epidemic and a significant source of paralysis and disability, has been dramatically reduced through global vaccination programs. Although vaccination efforts have experienced a setback because of COVID-19, resulting in increased number of vaccine-associated and wild virus infections, polio eradication is still a realistic goal that will result in significant cost savings. The secondary health issues related to aging with the residual effects of polio, including postpolio syndrome, will persist for many years posteradication. Continued education of medical professionals is essential to ensure provision of...
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 29, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Carol Vandenakker Albanese, Shailesh Reddy Source Type: research

Logistics of Rehabilitation Telehealth
As a result of the COVID-19 public health emergency, the Centers for Medicare& Medicaid Services expanded its telehealth benefit on a temporary and emergency basis. Effective March 6, 2020, Medicare will pay for Medicare telehealth services at the same rate as regular, in-person visits. Medicare has prescribed specific guidance on the billing and coding of such services, having an impact on reimbursement for qualified providers. Additional guidance also exists on acceptable telehealth communication platforms and patient privacy. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Anne H. Chan Source Type: research

Innovation and Adaptation
The spectrum of medical delivery systems is widening with opportunities to meet and solve accessibility for patients. Even before the recent surge of online patient menu options, many offices had incorporated patient portals in their practices, which has generally been a favorable experience. Granted, not all circumstances are appropriate for the telemedicine landscape, but what an opportunity for our field to expand and evolve. Confidentiality, medicolegal exposure, availability, and compatibility of technology just mention a few unanswered concerns. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: S.F. Martinez Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Telerehabilitation
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: David X. Cifu, Blessen C. Eapen Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Contributors
SANTOS F. MARTINEZ, MD, MS (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Contents
S.F. Martinezxv (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Polio (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - April 2, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Preface
Welcome to the twenty-first century of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine! Virtual health care is no longer a vision of the future or a designer approach to care, it now represents an integral aspect of most clinicians ’ practices. This issue is dedicated entirely to the art and science of Telerehabilitation, which had been slowly increasing in use for more than a decade and has now skyrocketed with the advent of innovative platforms, approaches, and the urgencies brought on by the worldwide pandemic. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - March 9, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: David X. Cifu, Blessen C. Eapen Source Type: research

Telerehabilitation in Acquired Brain Injury
With the rapid shift to telemedicine brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, physiatrists must get accustomed to the new technology and learn how to optimize their evaluations. For those practitioners managing patients with acquired brain injuries, which include stroke and traumatic brain injury, this can seem a daunting task given potential physical and cognitive barriers. However, as the authors discuss techniques to optimize visits, the aim is to illustrate how telehealth appointments can not only be comparable to in-person examinations but also may help increase outreach, compliance, and even satisfaction among this uniqu...
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - March 6, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Bruno S. Subbarao, Jesse Stokke, Samuel J. Martin Source Type: research

Telerehabilitation for Geriatrics
This article review the scope, need, and implementation of telehealth and telerehabilitation in the aging population from the perspective of clinicians, patients, and caregivers. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - March 6, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Mooyeon Oh-Park, Henry L. Lew, Preeti Raghavan Source Type: research

Telerehabilitation for Pain Management
Telerehabilitation for pain management uses communication technology to minimize geographic barriers. Access to such technology has proven critically important during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and has been useful for patients with chronic pain disorders unable to travel. The evaluation and treatment of such disorders requires a whole health approach that individualizes treatment options and delivers care through a biopsychosocial approach. The goals of care are unchanged from an in-person patient-provider experience. Telerehabilitation can be successfully implemented in pain management with appropriate consider...
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - March 5, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Udai Nanda, Jerry Luo, Quinn Wonders, Sanjog Pangarkar Source Type: research

Telemedicine for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Postoperative Rehabilitation
This article establishes experience and evidence-based practice guidelines for conducting telemedicine visits, with emphasis on the virtual physical examination. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - February 15, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Melissa E. Phuphanich, Kunal R. Sinha, Michael Truong, Quynh Giao Pham Source Type: research

Using Biometric Technology for Telehealth and Telerehabilitation
This article discusses the use of physical and biometric sensors in telerehabilitation. It also discusses synchronous tele-physical assessment using haptics and augmented reality and asynchronous physical assessment using remote pose estimation. The article additionally focuses on computational models that have the potential to monitor and evaluate changes in kinematic and kinetic properties during telerehabilitation using biometric sensors such as electromyography and other wearable and noncontact sensors based on force and speed. And finally, the article discusses how virtual reality environments can be facilitated in te...
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - February 11, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Thiru M. Annaswamy, Gaurav N. Pradhan, Keerthana Chakka, Ninad Khargonkar, Aleks Borresen, Balakrishnan Prabhakaran Source Type: research

Virtual Physical Therapy and Telerehabilitation
This article further provides points to make virtual PT successful and highlights some recommended equipment and outcome recommendations. The future is bright for providing virtual PT. (Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America)
Source: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America - February 4, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Mark A. Havran, Douglas E. Bidelspach Source Type: research