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Neonates as intrinsically worthy recipients of pain management in neonatal intensive care
AbstractOne barrier to optimal pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is how the healthcare community perceives, and therefore manages, neonatal pain. In this paper, we emphasise that healthcare professionals not only have a professional obligation to care for neonates in the NICU, but that these patients are intrinsicallyworthy of care. We discuss the conditions that make neonates worthy recipients of pain management by highlighting how neonates are (1) vulnerable to pain and harm, and (2) completely dependent on others for pain management. We argue for a relational account of ethical decision-making i...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - October 9, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Global bioethics and respect for cultural diversity: how do we avoid moral relativism and moral imperialism?
AbstractOne of the major concerns of advocates of common morality is that respect for cultural diversity may result in moral relativism. On their part, proponents of culturally responsive bioethics are concerned that common morality may result in moral imperialism because of the asymmetry of power in the world. It is in this context that critics argue that global bioethics is impossible because of the difficulties to address these two theoretical concerns. In this paper, I argue that global bioethics is possible if we adopt a culturally responsive and self-critical attitude towards our moral values and those of others. I u...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - October 7, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Embodiment and personal identity in dementia
AbstractTheories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. As a consequence, persons with severe dementia are threatened to lose the status of persons. Such concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal ident...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - October 7, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

“Finding oneself after critical illness”: voices from the remission society
In conclusion listening to and acknowledging the patients’ lived experiences of critical illness may suppo rt the patient efforts to establish the newly defined self and hence be vital for recovery. Phenomenology is one approach facilitating care tailored to the patients’ lived experience of critical illness and its aftermaths. (Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy)
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - October 6, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

The epidemiology of moral bioenhancement
AbstractIn their 2008 paper, Persson and Savulescu suggest that for moral bioenhancement (MBE) to be effective at eliminating the danger of ‘ultimate harm’ the intervention would need to be compulsory. This is because those most in need of MBE would be least likely to undergo the intervention voluntarily. By drawing on concepts and theories from epidemiology, this paper will suggest that MBE may not need to be universal and compulso ry to be effective at significantly improving the collective moral standing of a human populace and reducing the threat of ultimate harm. It will identify similarities between the mechanism...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - October 5, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Knowledge repositories. In digital knowledge we trust
(Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy)
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - September 16, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Regulating the international surrogacy market:the ethics of commercial surrogacy in the Netherlands and India
AbstractIt is unclear what proper remuneration for surrogacy is, since countries disagree and both commercial and altruistic surrogacy have ethical drawbacks. In the presence of cross-border surrogacy, these ethical drawbacks are exacerbated. In this article, we explore what would be ethical remuneration for surrogacy, and suggest regulations for how to ensure this in the international context. A normative ethical analysis of commercial surrogacy is conducted. Various arguments against commercial surrogacy are explored, such as exploitation and commodification of surrogates, reproductive capacities, and the child. We argue...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - September 13, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Heideggerian structures of Being - with in the nurse –patient relationship: modelling phenomenological analysis through qualitative meta-synthesis
AbstractHeideggerian philosophy is frequently chosen as a philosophical framing, and/or a hermeneutic analytical structure in qualitative nursing research. As Heideggerian philosophy is dense, there is merit in the development of scholarly resources that help to explain discrete Heideggerian concepts and to uncover their relevance to contemporary human experience. This paper uses a meta-synthesis methodology to pool and synthesise findings from 29 phenomenological research reports on Being-with in the nurse –patient relationship. We firstly considered and secured the most relevant Heideggerian elements to nurse–patient...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - September 6, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

New perspectives on person-centered care: an affordance-based account
AbstractDespite the growing interest and supporting evidence for person-centered care (PCC), there is still a fundamental disagreement about what makes healthcare person-centered. In this article, we define PCC as operating with three fundamental conditions: personal, participatory and holistic. To further understand these concepts, we develop a framework based on the theory of affordances, which we apply to the healthcare case of rehabilitation and a concrete experiment on social interactions between persons with cerebral palsy and physio- and occupational therapists. Based on the application of the theory, we argue that ...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - September 3, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Personalized medicine, digital technology and trust: a Kantian account
Abstract Trust relations in the health services have changed from asymmetrical paternalism to symmetrical autonomy-based participation, according to a common account. The promises of personalized medicine emphasizing empowerment of the individual through active participation in managing her health, disease and well-being, is characteristic of symmetrical trust. In the influential Kantian account of autonomy, active participation in management of own health is not only an opportunity, but an obligation. Personalized medicine is made possible by the digitalization of medicine with an ensuing increased tailoring of diagnos...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - September 3, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

An analytic framework for conceptualisations of disease: nine structuring questions and how some conceptualisations of Alzheimer ’s disease can lead to ‘diseasisation’
This article offers ananalytic framework for the clarification and analysis of meanings and effects of conceptualisations of diseases such as that of AD. This framework consists of nine questions that allows us to determine how the conceptualisations of diseases, such as that of AD, link or decouple the following terms to/from each other: screening, diagnosis, pathology, disease (along the lines of what have been labelled as “biological-physiological” or “normative” conceptions of disease in philosophy of medicine), symptoms, and illness. It also includes questions regarding how specific decouplings open up for new...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - August 7, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

COVID-19 and the ethics of quarantine: a lesson from the Eyam plague
AbstractThe recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is posing many different challenges to local communities, directly affected by the pandemic, and to the global community, trying to find how to respond to this threat in a larger scale. The history of the Eyam Plague, read in light of Ross Upshur ’s Four Principles for the Justification of Public Health Intervention, and of the Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, could provide useful guidance in navigating the complex ethical issues that arise when qua rantine measures need to...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - August 4, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Emerging viral threats and the simultaneity of the non-simultaneous: zooming out in times of Corona
AbstractThis paper addresses global bioethical challenges entailed in emerging viral diseases, focussing on their socio-cultural dimension and seeing them as symptomatic of the current era of globalisation. Emerging viral threats exemplify the extent to which humans evolved into a global species, with a pervasive and irreversible impact on the planetary ecosystem. To effectively address these disruptive threats, an attitude of preparedness seems called for, not only on the viroscientific, but also on bioethical, regulatory and governance levels. This paper analyses the global bioethical challenges of emerging viral threats...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - July 30, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

«If you give them your little finger, they’ll tear off your entire arm»: losing trust in biobank research
AbstractWhy do some people withdraw from biobank studies? To our knowledge, very few studies have been done on the reflections of biobank ex-participants. In this article, we report from such a study. 16  years ago, we did focus group interviews with biobank participants and ex-participants. We found that the two groups interestingly shared worries concerning the risks involved in possible novel uses of their biobank material, even though they drew opposite conclusions from their worries. Revisitin g these interviews today reveals a remarkable relevance to present concerns, since thepossible developments that worried ex-p...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - July 29, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Suffering
(Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy)
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - July 24, 2020 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research