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The Many Moral Matters of Organoid Models: A systematic review of reasons
ConclusionsThe ethics of organoids requires further deliberation in multiple areas, as much of the discussions are not presented as in-depth arguments. Such sentiments are also echoed throughout the organoid ethics literature. (Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy)
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - May 9, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

The hermeneutics of symptoms
AbstractThe clinical encounter begins with presentation of an illness experience; but throughout that encounter, something else is constructed from it – a symptom. The symptom is a particular interpretation of that experience, useful for certain purposes in particular contexts. The hermeneutics of medicine – the study of the interpretation of human experience in medical terms – has largely taken the process of symptom-construction to be tran sparent, focussing instead on how constellations of symptoms are interpreted as representative of particular conditions. This paper examines the hermeneutical activity of symptom...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - May 3, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Cognitive enhancement and authenticity: moving beyond the Impasse
AbstractIn work on the ethics of cognitive enhancement use, there is a pervasive concern that such enhancement will —in some way—make us less authentic (e.g., Bublitz and Merkel2009; Juth2011). Attempts to clarify what this concern amounts to and how to respond to it often lead to debates on the nature of the “true self” (e.g., Maslen et al.2014) and what constitutes “genuine human activity” (e.g., Kass2003). This paper shows that a new and effective way to make progress on whether certain cases of cognitive enhancement problematically undermine authenticity is to make use of considerations from the separate de...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 26, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Historical empathy and medicine: Pathography and empathy in Sophocles ’ Philoctetes
AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the ways in which the engagement with Greek tragedy may contribute fruitfully to the unfolding of empathy in medical students and practitioners. To reappraise the general view that classical texts are remote from modern experience because of the long distance between the era they represent and today, I propose an approach to Greek tragedy viewed through the lens of historical empathy, and of the association between past situations and similar contemporary experiences, in particular. After a brief examination of the concept of empathy, its links with literary reading, and the di...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 21, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

The medical gap: intuition in medicine
AbstractIntuition is frequently used in medicine. Along with the use of existing medical rules, there is a separate channel that physicians rely on when making decisions: their intuition. To cope with the epistemic problem of using intuition, I use some clues from Wittgenstein's philosophy to illuminate the decision-making process in medicine. First, I point to a connection between intuition as functioning in medicine and Wittgenstein's notions of"seeing as" or noticing"aspects". Secondly, I use Wittgenstein notion of empirical regularities hardened into rules to suggest that there are two stages that s...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 21, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

The principle of nondirectiveness in genetic counseling. Different meanings and various postulates of normative nature
AbstractThe article aims at organizing multifaceted discourse on the concept of nondirectiveness in the practice of genetic counseling. The analysis of areas where nondirectiveness was invoked and discussed reveals the problematic confusion of different meanings of the term that often leads to false conclusions about the relations between the professional standards and the practice of genetic counseling. The article offers clear and comprehensive description of different approaches to nondirectiveness and various ideas associated with the term. Normative consequences of various meanings attributed to nondirectiveness are e...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 16, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Revisiting respect for persons: conceptual analysis and implications for clinical practice
AbstractIn everyday conversations, professional codes, policy debates, and academic literature, the concept of respect is referred to frequently. Bioethical arguments in recent decades equate the idea of respect for persons with individuals who are capable of autonomous decision-making, with the focus being explicitly on ‘autonomy,’ ‘capacity,’ or ‘capability.’ In much of bioethics literature, respect for persons is replaced by respect for autonomy. Though the unconditional respect for persons and their autonomy (irrespective of actual decision-making capacity) is established in Kantian bioethics, curren t argu...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 10, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Medicine and machines
(Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy)
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - April 2, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Evaluating models of consent in changing health research environments
This article identifies five main ethical perspectives at stake. Even though Tiered Consent, Dynamic Consent and Meta Consent are designed to the demands of the self-determination perspective as well as the perspective of research as a public good, they are still also criticized from both perspectives. In addition, criticisms based on concerns of justice, participation and democratic deliberation, and relational concerns have been levelled at each of the models. As all of these perspectives have valid points to make, the task at hand lies in balancing these ethical perspectives. What constitutes an adequate balancing depen...
Source: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy - March 14, 2022 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research