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Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: Disease mechanism and therapeutic attempts
J Biosci. 2024;49:22.ABSTRACTLafora disease (LD) is a life-threatening autosomal recessive and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects adolescents, resulting in mortality within a decade of onset. The symptoms of LD include epileptic seizures, ataxia, dementia, and psychosis. The underlying pathology involves the presence of abnormal glycogen inclusions in neurons and other tissues, which may contribute to neurodegeneration. LD is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the EPM2A gene or the NHLRC1 gene. These two genes, respectively, code for laforin phosphatase and malin ubiquitin ligase, and...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 30, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rashmi Parihar Subramaniam Ganesh Source Type: research

Screening of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasms under high-SAR saline water on the basis of growth, yield, and multivariate analysis
This study was aimed to screen quinoa germplasms under high-sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) saline stress. Thirteen quinoa germplasms were evaluated under four levels [best available water (BAW), 8, 16, and 24 dSm-1] of high-SAR saline water irrigation. The evaluation was carried out based on growth, yield, and ionic content parameters along with statistical tools such as multivariate analysis, salt tolerance indices, and correlation. The results showed that the salinity levels of 16 and 24 dSm-1 resulted in increase of chlorophyll content relative to BAWand 8 dSm-1. The germplasm CSQ2 recorded the highest proline content (1...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 30, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kailash Prajapat Satish Kumar Sanwal Parbodh Chander Sharma Source Type: research

Leaf and tree age-related changes in leaf ecophysiological traits, nutrient, and adaptive strategies of Alnus nepalensis in the central Himalaya
J Biosci. 2024;49:24.ABSTRACTLeaf ecophysiological traits are known to change with leaf and tree age. In the present study, we measured the effect of leaf and tree age on leaf ecophysiological and morphological traits of nitrogen-fixing Alnus nepalensis (D. Don) which is a pioneer tree species in degraded lands. Three naturally occurring A. nepalensis forest stands, namely young (5-8 years old), mature (40-55 years old), and old (130-145 years old), were considered in this study. We also investigated the seasonal variations in leaf ecophysiological and morphological traits during leaf flushing, fully expanded, and leaf sen...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 30, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Rajendra Kumar Joshi Ambuj Mishra Rajman Gupta Satish Chandra Garkoti Source Type: research

A crazy ants' crazy form of reproduction: Causes and consequences
J Biosci. 2024;49:17.ABSTRACTThe yellow crazy ant, or the long-legged ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes (formerly Anoplolepis longipes) - named so for its meandering movements when disturbed, possibly owing to its long legs and antennae - is globallywidespread and currently classified as one of '100 of the world's worst invasive species' (Lowe et al. 2000). This status is assigned to species that are non-native in a region and cause significant negative ecological and/or socioeconomic impacts, including declines in native biodiversity, changes in native ecosystem structure and function, and the breakdown of native biogeographic ...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 18, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Alok Bang H A Ranganath Raghavendra Gadagkar Source Type: research

Assessment of seed- and seedling-related traits in Santalum album (Indian sandalwood) reveals high adaptive potential
J Biosci. 2024;49:13.ABSTRACTSeed and seedling traits govern plant fitness and persistence and are influenced by the interaction between the plant and its environment. Changing climatic and edaphic conditions will drastically affect early fitnessrelated traits and can alter the demography and species distribution range. It is widely documented that trait variation among populations may increase resilience of tree communities and reduce the risk of extinction under future climates. In the present study, variation in seed and seedling traits were documented from seven populations of Santalum album representing the natural di...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 11, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chandramouli K Madhuvanthi Muthulakshmi Eswaran Thangaraj Karthick Aiyar Balasubramanian Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta Source Type: research

Proof-of-principle study using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for universal screening test for cancer through ultrasound-based size distinction of circulating tumor cell clusters
J Biosci. 2024;49:14.ABSTRACTScreening strategies for cancer, the second largest cause of deaths, exist, but are invasive, cumbersome, and expensive. Many cancers lack viable screening modalities all together. Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are seen during early stages of cancer and are larger than normal blood cells. Discrimination of such differential sizes by real-time ultrasound scanning of a blood vessel offers an attractive universal screening tool for cancer. Yeast colonies were grown to different sizes mimicking CTCCs and normal blood cells, using sugar and starch to incubate and sodium fluoride to arrest ...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 11, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Saksham Rajan Saksena Sandeep Kumar Rajan Source Type: research

Rare paediatric disorders in Indian healthcare settings with focus on neuromuscular disorders: Diagnostic and management challenges
J Biosci. 2024;49:15.ABSTRACTRare diseases form the bulk of the financial expenditure of any developing or developed economy. Among the various rare diseases, paediatric neuromuscular disorders form a major portion, with a worldwide survey estimating a prevalence of 1 in 3500 individuals. In a lower middle-income country (LMIC) like India, malnutrition still accounts for most of the under-5 mortality. However, the economic burden of rare paediatric neuromuscular disorders cannot be underestimated. The treating physician should have a basic understanding of how to approach a child presenting with weakness and how to utilise...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 11, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Aakash Mahesan Gautam Kamila Sheffali Gulati Source Type: research

Solastalgia, our deteriorating environment, and Spirit of Place
J Biosci. 2024;49:16.ABSTRACTClimate anxiety is as newly recognised a phenomenon as is the neologism solastalgia. The word solastalgia was coined by the Australian environmental philosopher Glenn Albrecht; it is a composite of the concepts of solace and desolation, and the pain ('algia') derived from the immediate loss of or assault to one's place of residence (Albrecht 2005). It is different from nostalgia, which is the remembrance of times past, and it specifically refers to the mental distress caused by climate change of anthropogenic origin (Albrecht et al. 2007): ''Solastalgia, as opposed to atavistic nostalgia, can a...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 11, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Renee M Borges Source Type: research

STING upregulation mediates ferroptosis and inflammatory response in lupus nephritis by upregulating TBK1 and activating NF- κB signal pathway
J Biosci. 2024;49:9.ABSTRACTAccumulated evidence implicates lipid peroxidation as a key mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Ferroptosis is a specialized form of cell death induced by loss or deficient activity of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and decreased clearance of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. STING production may lead to the occurrence of intracellular lipid peroxidation, ultimately triggering ferroptosis, but it has not been clarified whether STING can aggravate LN via ferroptosis. The adjacent normal kidney tissues from renal cell carcinoma and biopsied kidney tiss...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 8, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jinshu Chen Pihou Chen Yijin Song Jiaxin Wei Fan Wu Jing Sun Zhiquan Xu Source Type: research

Epidemiology: Gray immunity model gives qualitatively different predictions
J Biosci. 2024;49:10.ABSTRACTCompartmental models that dynamically divide the host population into categories such as susceptible, infected, and immune constitute the mainstream of epidemiological modelling. Effectively, such models treat infection and immunity as binary variables. We constructed an individual-based stochastic model that considers immunity as a continuous variable and incorporates factors that bring about small changes in immunity. The small immunity effects (SIE) comprise cross-immunity by other infections, small increments in immunity by subclinical exposures, and slow decay in the absence of repeated ex...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 8, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Milind Watve Himanshu Bhisikar Rohini Kharate Srashti Bajpai Source Type: research

Fatty acid metabolism-related molecular subtypes and a novel model for predicting prognosis in bladder cancer patients
In conclusion, we developed and successfully validated a novel fatty acid metabolism-related prognostic model for predicting outcome for BCa patients.PMID:38186002 (Source: Journal of Biosciences)
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 8, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wen-Ting Su Jia-Yin Chen Jiang-Bo Sun Q I Huang Zhi-Bin Ke Shao-Hao Chen Yun-Zhi Lin Xue-Yi Xue Yong Wei Ning Xu Source Type: research

CDF family of zinc transporters ZRC-1, MSC-2, and ZRG-17 are involved in survival at high zinc conditions, vegetative development, and cellulase utilization in Neurospora crassa 
J Biosci. 2024;49:12.ABSTRACTThe cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family of zinc transporters plays a crucial role in zinc homeostasis in eukaryotes, including fungi. Here, we investigated the cell functions and genetic interactions of CDF zinc transporters zrc-1 and msc-2 in Neurospora crassa. The Δzrc-1 mutant could not grow in a high-zinc environment, indicating that the zinc transporter protein ZRC-1 was essential for growth in high-zinc conditions. However, the deletion of msc-2 did not show any severe phenotypic defects. Furthermore, we studied the genetic interactions of the zinc transporters using the CDF double...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - January 8, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Serena Ngiimei D Ranjan Tamuli Source Type: research