Retinoblastoma: Recent Trends in Diagnosis and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe following review outlines the current approaches used in the diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma, emphasizing new findings in the field of genomic analysis.Recent FindingsRecent genomic studies of retinoblastoma have demonstrated that molecular markers from aqueous humor samples correlate with disease progression and have also identified novel copy number alterations associated with more aggressive disease. Consideration of these genomic factors may be warranted in future management of retinoblastoma.SummaryRetinoblastoma is a curable childhood cancer with optimal management that is part...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - February 22, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Where We Are, and What the Future Holds
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMinimally invasive glaucoma surgery, or MIGS, has revolutionized the glaucoma surgical space in the past 15 years. The high safety profile and moderate efficacy of MIGS has enabled earlier surgical intervention for glaucoma, providing safe and sight-saving care sooner. This review aims to examine the latest evidence on available devices and techniques.Recent FindingsTrabecular outflow remains a mainstay for MIGS targets, with distal outflow enhancement and alternative drainage pathways showing efficacy. Comparisons of various MIGS devices and techniques are emerging, which will enable glaucoma su...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - February 21, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Confronting Leaky Pipelines: Diversity in Plastic Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough plastic surgeons treat a variety of patient populations, the specialty continues to struggle to reflect the diversity of the individuals we treat. In this review, we will discuss the continued racial and gender disparities within plastic surgery. Additionally, we aim to introduce other underrepresented groups in plastic surgery, such as LGBT+surgeons and surgeons from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.Recent FindingsBeyond recognizing the diversity problem within plastic surgery, institutions are beginning to enact change to address this issue. We specifically highlight institutions w...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - February 20, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Surgical Competency Assessment in Ophthalmology Residency
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGiven the push for more objective evaluation and assessment of surgical competence in ophthalmology training, the purpose of this review is to describe and evaluate different tools used for surgical skills assessment in ophthalmology.Recent FindingsMany previously described assessment tools do not always address all aspects of a modern validity framework endorsed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. New directions in surgical skills assessment may include incorporation of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms.SummaryMany different types of surgical assessments...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Peri and Postoperative Management of Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Ocular Inflammation
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewCataracts in the setting of uveitis provide a challenge for the ophthalmologic surgeon due to the increased risk of post-operative and intra-operative complications. This review seeks to provide information to assist in the management of these complex patients.Recent FindingsCataract development is the most frequent complication of uveitis and must be managed surgically to achieve improved visual acuity for the patient. Prior to surgery, a patient should be free of inflammation for a minimum of three months to minimize the chance of post-operative complications, such as recurrent uveitis, cysto...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Gender Equity in Gynecologic Surgery: Lessons from History, Strengthening the Future
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough women have made up the majority of the obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) for nearly a decade, inequities related to gender persist. The scope of these inequities includes disparities related to education and training, compensation, pregnancy and parenting, advancement and leadership, and the workplace environment.Recent FindingsAlthough gynecology began as an early, innovative surgical field, over time the evolution of the field has followed a path distinct from that of other surgical fields. Gynecology was a unique surgical specialty that included longitudinal care but through multiple pe...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - January 20, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Cultural Competence, Safety, Humility, and Dexterity in Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAs the United States ’ population diversifies, urgent action is required to identify, dismantle, and eradicate persistent health disparities. The surgical community must recognize how patients’ values, beliefs, and behaviors are influenced by race, ethnicity, nationality, language, gender, socioeconomic status, phys ical and mental ability, sexual orientation, and occupation.Recent FindingsLately, health disparities have been highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surgery is no exception, with notable disparities occurring in pediatric, vascular, trauma, and cardiac surgery. In response, num...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - January 13, 2022 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Current Trends in Macular Hole Repair
AbstractPurposeTo describe and detail the current surgical trends in the repair of macular holes so that retinal surgeons may have access to the most up to date advances in macular hole repair technology.Recent findingsThe inverted ILM flap and various iterations of the technique have been the dominant surgical trends for repair of both routine macular holes and those with a higher risk of non-closure when using standard surgical techniques. Additional surgical techniques include use of other acellular scaffolds such as lens capsule flaps or human amniotic membrane, autologous retinal transplantation, application of autolo...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - November 17, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Mastering the Match: Recruiting a Successful Surgery Resident
The objective of general surgery residency is to produce competent surgeons. At a minimum this requires being procedurally and clinically capable and able to pass the board exams. Recruitment is designed to select those residents who can successfully do so. But there is more to being a successful resident than that. In this review, we attempt to define a “successful resident” and how to attract them to your program.Recent FindingsResident applicants are still most concerned with matching to a program that will prepare them for a surgery career. Though there is variation of importance for different applicants, resident ...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - October 28, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Optimal Management of Carotid Artery Restenosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn the USA, carotid endarterectomy and stenting are the leading revascularization procedures for carotid stenosis with approximately 72,000 –100,000 patients undergoing surgery each year for stroke risk reduction. Post-operatively, patients are surveilled annually to detect restenosis, and at 2-year follow-up, an estimated 2.0–6.0% of patients will develop recurrent disease.Recent FindingsRestenosis is considered a maladaptive response of the artery to trauma, characterized by neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling. Recent evidence supports a more conservative surveillance regimen in lo...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - October 4, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Virtual Recruitment in Surgical Residency Programs
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe Covid-19 pandemic forced residency programs to drastically change their interview processes and adopt virtual interviewing for the 2020 –2021 match cycle.Recent FindingsWhile virtual interviewing decreased cost and increased convenience for applicants and programs involved in the match, it also introduced several potential disadvantages. Maximizing technological capabilities was an area of utmost concern at the start of the interview cycle, and multiple medical education organizations quickly recommended ways to move to virtual process, and to prevent and troubleshoot technical problems. Ho...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - October 4, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Effects of Potential Micro- and Macro-nutrients in Combatting COVID-19
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGain insight on the effect of some recently studied nutrients and nutritional markers on the COVID-19 disease course.Recent FindingsIn vitro studies indicate that SCFAs do not interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Observational studies indicate that eating processed or red meat three or more times per week had overall higher risk of pneumonia. Studies suggest that markers of regular outdoor physical activity (high HDL, lack of vitamin D deficiency, lack of obesity, etc.) prevent severe complications of COVID-19.SummaryAlthough no definitive nutrients were found to significantly alter the COVID-19 ...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - August 30, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Distance Learning in Surgical Education
ConclusionGoing forward, distance learning will play an important role in surgical education to further enhance learning of medical students and residents in a field with rapid technological advancements. (Source: Current Surgery Reports)
Source: Current Surgery Reports - August 9, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Modern Management of Type B Aortic Dissections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe following describes the recent advancement in the diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of type B aortic dissections. We will review the recent updates of aortic dissection classifications, and potential impact on clinical management.Recent FindingsType B aortic dissections can be classified anatomically and temporally using the recent Society for Vascular Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons reporting standards. A number of high-risk features have been correlated with poor prognoses with medical management alone, leading to the expansion of indications for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (...
Source: Current Surgery Reports - July 1, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
Correction to: Diversity in Surgery: A Historical, International, and Contemporary Perspective
The original version of the article unfortunately contained a few errors. (Source: Current Surgery Reports)
Source: Current Surgery Reports - June 17, 2021 Category: Surgery Source Type: research
