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Risk factors for cervical cancer among distinct populations in low-resource countries: feasibility of cervical cancer screen-and-treat program on ukerewe island of lake victoria, Tanzania
Purpose of review A mass cervical cancer screening using World Health Organization-endorsed visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy triage was conducted over 5 days at Nansio District Hospital on Ukerewe Island, Tanzania in Lake Victoria. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a pilot screen-and-treat on a lower resource island and compare the results to previously held screen-and-treats in higher resource mainland settings. Recent findings Two hundred and eight-two women underwent VIA on Ukerewe Island during July 2017. The frequency of abnormal VIA screens was nearly twice that observed on...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research

Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for gynecologic cancers
Purpose of review To provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances of sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessment in uterine, cervical, vulvar, and ovarian cancers. Recent findings In endometrial cancer, SLN evaluation has become increasingly utilized as part of the treatment of early-stage disease, with data showing improved detection of pelvic lymph node metastasis. In cervical cancer, SLN biopsy has also gained increasing traction with studies demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of SLN detection. Evaluation with frozen section, however, remains limited in the detection of metastases. The pr...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research

Cell-based immunotherapies in gynecologic cancers
Purpose of review This review provides an update on recent developments in cell-based immunotherapy in gynecologic cancers. Recent findings Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has made significant progress allowing now for not only expressing CARs on T-cells, but also on other immune effector cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages. Cell-based vaccines have started to show promising results in clinical trials. Summary Cell-based immunotherapies in gynecologic cancers continue to evolve with promising clinical efficacy in select patients. (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research

Update in palliative care in gynecologic oncology
Purpose of review This review summarizes research advances in quality of life, symptom management, and end-of-life practices within palliative care that can benefit patients with gynecologic cancers. Recent findings Addressing fertility issues, sexual side effects, and possible disease recurrence can promote quality of life in gynecologic cancer survivors. Cannabis can provide some benefit for nausea and neuropathic pain, yet for nonneuropathic pain presentations, it does not appear to provide significant benefit in reducing opioid usage. Lastly, palliative care outcomes, such as reduced aggressive care at the e...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research

Precision medicine for cervical cancer
Purpose of review To summarize the data on precision medicine for cervical cancer including the use of potential biomarkers. We also review ongoing areas of research in cervical cancer therapeutics. Recent findings In the current clinical practice, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is used to select patients with cervical cancer for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. However, more recently presented data suggest that PD-L1 may not be a fully accurate biomarker for selection and further analysis is warranted. With the publication of the molecular landscape of cervical cancer, tumor profile-based the...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: GYNECOLOGIC CANCER: Edited by Gottfried E. Konecny Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 4, 2022 Category: OBGYN Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Vaginal symptoms in women who are affected by gynecologic cancer
Purpose of review Pelvic floor disorders are common among gynecologic cancer survivors. With improvements in survivorship, quality of life conditions in these women need greater attention and care. This review focuses specifically on vulvovaginal symptoms, which are common and have a negative impact on sexual health and quality of life in women affected by gynecologic cancer. Recent findings We review publications on treatment-specific sexual health outcomes, screening and treatment of vulvovaginal symptoms and sexual pain, and surgical management options. Recent evidence regarding the safety of concomitant prol...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: UROGYNECOLOGY: Edited by Kavita Mishra Source Type: research

The bladder microbiome and interstitial cystitis: is there a connection?
Purpose of review Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a debilitating condition, the etiology of which remains unclear and for which there are variable and often unsatisfactory treatment options. Within the last decade, evolving knowledge regarding the presence and role of the urinary microbiome has led to investigations regarding its impact on symptoms and severity of interstitial cystitis PBS. Recent findings Since 2017, five studies have investigated differences between the microbiome of female patients with interstitial cystitis /PBS to asymptomatic controls. While varied in methodology, s...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: UROGYNECOLOGY: Edited by Kavita Mishra Source Type: research

Vaginal mesh hysteropexy: a review
Purpose of review Pelvic organ prolapse surgery is performed via native tissue or graft augmented repair. Graft augmentation with synthetic mesh was introduced to improve long-term surgical outcomes compared with vaginal native tissue repairs. Vaginal hysteropexy has recently become increasingly popular due to patient preference and an improved morbidity profile over hysterectomy, while maintaining comparable efficacy. As long-term outcomes remain unanswered, mesh augmentation to vaginal hysteropexy has sought to improve efficacy while minimizing complications. Recent findings Recent studies have demonstrated su...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: UROGYNECOLOGY: Edited by Kavita Mishra Source Type: research

Global myth busting in family planning
Purpose of review Myths and misconceptions about family planning are pervasive around the world and can adversely affect both initiation and continuation of family planning services. Here, we review the current literature and identify major themes among them to better understand these myths and misconceptions. Recent findings Myths and misconceptions regarding family planning are a global phenomenon with the most recent studies focused on sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa. The belief that family planning negatively impacts future fertility was mentioned in all studies reviewed. Other major themes include ...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Trauma-informed abortion care
This article reviews key aspects of a Trauma-Informed Care approach in abortion and reproductive healthcare. Recent findings Experiences of trauma are common and compounding, including systemic trauma, such as racism, sexism, and transphobia. Reproductive healthcare itself traumatizes and re-traumatizes. Trauma Informed Care (TIC) approach to individual abortion care includes maximize patient safety, choice, and privacy. TIC approach to systemic abortion care includes dismantling barriers to care and stigma. Summary The experience of trauma is prevalent, often unrecognized and can be multifactorial, especiall...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Postpartum permanent contraception: updates on policy and access
Purpose of review To describe barriers to provision of postpartum permanent contraception at patient, hospital, and insurance levels. Recent findings Permanent contraception remains the most commonly used form of contraception in the United States with the majority of procedures performed during birth-hospitalization. Many people live in regions with a high Catholic hospital market share where individual contraceptive plans may be refused based on religious doctrine. Obesity should not preclude an individual from receiving a postpartum tubal ligation as recent studies find that operative time is clinically simil...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Pain management in outpatient surgical abortion
Purpose of review To review the current literature focusing on pain management and experiences during abortion care. Recent findings Analgesic options in abortion care address pain associated with the procedure, osmotic dilator insertion, and cervical preparation. The paracervical block (PCB) is effective for pain control in first and second trimester abortions. Lower volume PCBs demonstrate non inferiority with osmotic dilator placement compared with higher volume PCBs with lower potential for toxicity. Self-administered vaginal lidocaine gel is noninferior to PCB in first trimester abortions. Preoperative oral...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Oestrogen component of COCs: have we finally found a replacement for ethinyl estradiol?
Purpose of review Combined oral contraceptive pills are among the most widely used contraceptive methods globally. Despite their popularity, the potential risks and side effects can lead to both high discontinuation rates and adverse outcomes including thromboembolic events. The quest for a safer alternative to the traditional ethinyl estradiol/progestin combination has led to the use of newer oestrogens. Ethinyl oestradiol alternatives will be reviewed including the newest option, estetrol, as it enters clinical use. Recent findings Oestradiol, when combined with a progestin with strong endometrial activity, is...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Editorial: Updates in contraception and abortion care: reviews from both the clinical and social science sides of the aisle
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 10, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research