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Gene expression in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse: a review of literature
Purpose of review To review current evidence on gene expression in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Recent findings Our literature review revealed numerous genes that are associated with urinary incontinence and POP. For overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence, four genes were highlighted: adrenergic receptor β3, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2, and potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member-1. For Stress Urinary incontinence (SUI), 13 genes were included: skin-derived antileukoproteinase, collag...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: UROGYNECOLOGY: Edited by Kavita Mishra Source Type: research

Ultrasound in the investigation of pelvic floor disorders
Purpose of review Translabial ultrasound with systems designed for obstetric imaging is now the commonest diagnostic modality in pelvic floor medicine. This review will outline current clinical utility and introduce recent research in the investigation of pelvic floor disorders, such as urinary and anal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructed defecation and of complications after sling and mesh surgery. Recent findings There has been significant progress in standardization of imaging methods, and the International Urogynecology Association has developed an online course encouraging this standardization. ...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: UROGYNECOLOGY: Edited by Kavita Mishra Source Type: research

Advances in abortion care technology and management
Purpose of review To review emerging evidence specific to abortion care, including diagnostic testing and pain management. Recent findings Recent advances in abortion care include improvements in gestational age dating, Rh status testing, and pain management methods. When ultrasound technology is available, the use of crown-rump length (CRL)-based dating is more accurate up to 13 weeks and composite CRL and biometry between 13 and 14 weeks. Evidence supports using updated fetal foot length-to-gestational age reference ranges for postprocedure gestational age confirmation. Serum tests for two placental proteins, ...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Adolescents and long-acting reversible contraceptives: beyond the basics
Purpose of review The current article explores some of the more complex subtopics concerning adolescents and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC). Recent findings Recent research has highlighted ways in which LARC provision can be optimized in adolescents and has identified gaps in adolescent LARC access and utilization. Summary Contraceptive counseling for adolescents should be patient-centered, not necessarily LARC-first, to avoid coercion. There are increasing applications for the noncontraceptive benefits of LARC for several unique patient populations and medical conditions. (Source: Current O...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Management of bothersome bleeding associated with progestin-based long-acting reversible contraception: a review
Purpose of review To describe common bleeding patterns and treatment strategies to minimize bothersome bleeding in users of progestin-based long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Recent findings Most levonorgestrel intrauterine device users will establish a favorable bleeding pattern within a year; NSAIDs are the most effective bridge to help with bothersome bleeding during that time period. Early follicular phase insertion and fundal placement are associated with more favorable early bleeding profiles. Recent studies exploring tranexamic acid, mifepristone, and tamoxifen's adjunct role show modest or no b...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Perimenopausal contraception
Purpose of review Perimenopause is a time of reduced fertility, and yet unintended pregnancies can occur making comprehensive contraceptive counseling essential for these women. Concern over potential contraceptive risks has unnecessarily limited access and use of certain hormonal methods in this population. This review summarizes the available data on the use and effectiveness of contraceptive options during perimenopause. Recent findings All contraceptive options may be appropriate during perimenopause and no method is contraindicated based on age alone. Combined hormonal contraception has the added benefit of...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Advances in contraception research and development
Purpose of review In the past few years, there have been great advances in contraceptive technology and development. Here we review advances in contraception over the past two years including new medications, and technologies. Recent findings Contraception must be discussed within the context of individual goals and context. New contraceptive options approved by the FDA in the past two years include a year-long vaginal ring, a progestin-only pill that is as effective as combined oral contraceptive pills, a new hormonal patch and a vaginal gel that may also help prevent sexually transmitted infections. There a...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Standardizing abortion education: what medical schools can learn from residency programs
Purpose of review With over 50 million abortions annually and 25% of pregnancies ending in abortion worldwide, abortion is one of the most common medical procedures. Yet abortion-related topics are glaringly absent from medical school curricula in the USA with half of medical schools including no formal training or only a single lecture. We explore abortion education in US medical schools and Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residency programs. Specifically, we review efforts to improve and standardize this training. Recent findings Despite documented interest in both learning and in the benefits of early expo...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Editorial: Developments in contraception and abortion care: something for younger and older alike
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: FAMILY PLANNING: Edited by Paul D. Blumenthal Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 11, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Consenting and ethical considerations in embryo cryopreservation
Purpose of review An emerging body of literature has elucidated the growing burden of surplus embryos left in storage without any clear disposition. An out dated consent process is a significant but easily remedied contributor to this problem. We propose a novel approach to consenting for disposition of surplus embryos. Recent findings Decisional conflicts that stem from the moral status of embryos and from evolving personal values contribute to surplus embryos being left in storage. Barriers to donation of embryos to research or to other patients also discourage embryo disposition decisions. A flawed informed consent...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 28, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: Edited by Ruben Alvero Source Type: research

A new algorithm for the evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss redefining unexplained miscarriage: review of current guidelines
Purpose of review Couples with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are often referred to reproductive specialists to help determine the reason for their repeated losses. This review will help to develop a strategy that is effective in providing a diagnosis, efficient to administer, and cost-effective to the healthcare system. Recent findings International societies have published different recommendations for the evaluation of RPL, they consider it appropriate to initiate an evaluation after two (or three) clinical miscarriages. On the contrary, the clinician who follows these guidelines will only be able to offer a possib...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 28, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: Edited by Ruben Alvero Source Type: research

Non-hormonal mediators of uterine fibroid growth
Purpose of review Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract and one of the major public health concerns. Although most women with uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, over 30% of them will present with varying symptoms. This review focuses on the role of non-hormonal mediators and pathways in uterine fibroid biology. Furthermore, it provides data regarding the most recent findings in the field of compounds, which use those non-hormonal pathways in the medical therapy of uterine fibroids. Recent findings Complex signaling pathway alterations are crucial for uterine fibroid dev...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 28, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: Edited by Ruben Alvero Source Type: research

Editorial: Challenging topics in reproductive endocrinology
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 28, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: Edited by Ruben Alvero Source Type: research

Hydroxychloroquine and antiphospholipid antibody-related pregnancy morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Purpose of review Pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are associated with several pregnancy complications. The current treatment to prevent obstetric aPL-mediated morbidity is largely based on low-dose aspirin (LDA) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Alternative treatment regimens to prevent obstetric aPL-related morbidity include the addition of the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The aim of this systematic review is to identify the currently available evidence on the efficacy of HCQ to prevent aPL-related obstetric morbidity. Recent findings We identified four retrospective obser...
Source: Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology - August 28, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: WOMEN'S HEALTH: Edited by Joseph Aquilina Source Type: research