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Editorial: Cholangiocarcinoma - a rare and devastating, but no longer forsaken tumor
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - January 31, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: BILIARY TRACT: Edited by Chantal Housset Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - January 31, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Appendiceal neuroendrocrine neoplasms: incidentaloma or something we should worry about?
Purpose of review To synthesize the current knowledge and guidelines on the management of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (ANENs). Recent findings Most recent guidelines are essentially based on heterogeneous retrospective series. With the advent of a more precise classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms, this heterogeneity is rightly criticized and many ‘grey areas’ are now debated in expert literature. The only way to solve these issues is through the conduct of large prospective multicentre studies, but this seems somewhat utopian, given the rarity of this disease. Summary ANENs are rare tumours with ...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Pouchitis: diagnosis and management
Purpose of review Pouchitis is the most common complication in patients who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), occurring more frequently in patients with ulcerative colitis. Pouchitis – the inflammation of the pouch – can be due to idiopathic or secondary causes. Chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis (CADP) and chronic antibiotic-resistant pouchitis (CARP) are the most difficult forms of chronic idiopathic pouchitis to treat. Crohn's disease of the pouch may develop de novo in ulcerative colitis patients following colectomy with IPAA. It carries a high risk for pouch failure, and its diagnosis and manageme...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Endoscopic management of inflammatory bowel disease-associated complications
Purpose of review The main complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are strictures, fistulas, abscesses, and colitis-associated neoplasia. In addition to diagnosis, disease monitoring, and surveillance, endoscopy plays an important role in the management of those complications. This review is to provide up-to-date information in endoscopic treatment modalities for those complications. Recent findings The endoscopic therapy of IBD complication has evolved from balloon dilation of strictures to endoscopic stricturotomy, strictureplasty, stenting, fistulotomy, sinusotomy, and neoplasia ablation. These endoscopic...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors induced diarrhea and colitis: a review of incidence, pathogenesis and management
Purpose of review Diarrhea and colitis are among the most commonly encountered immune-mediated adverse events among patients receiving antiprogrammed cell death protein/ligand-1 (PD-1/L1) as well as anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies. With growing indications and widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, it is imperative to summarize the current body of evidence concerning the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options currently available for the management of immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis. Additionally, with emerging evidence analyzin...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Anal fissure management by the gastroenterologist
This article should help in preventing unnecessary surgery and its complications, mainly incontinence in a small but significant number. The search for more effective drugs and options for managing this disorder continues. (Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Editorial: Colon updates 2020 – some old, some new but novel insights throughout
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: LARGE INTESTINE: Edited by Eamonn M.M. Quigley Source Type: research

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae – once positive always positive?
Purpose of review This review provides an overview of gastrointestinal tract colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), including risk factors for colonization, determinants for duration of colonization, and whether patients can decolonize, either spontaneously or via targeted interventions. Recent findings CPE colonization is disseminating globally with increasing numbers of carbapenemases being identified in increasing patient cohorts. Numerous risk factors including repeated healthcare contact, patient co-morbidities and international travel have all been linked to increased rates of coloni...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS: Edited by Mark H. Wilcox Source Type: research

Foodborne transmission of Clostridioides difficile: a review
Purpose of review The epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is changing, with increasing rates of community-acquired infections. In light of recent advances in understanding C. difficile transmission networks with whole-genome sequencing, new routes of spread outside the hospital need to be considered. This review examines the evidence behind food as a driver of C. difficile dissemination. Recent findings Recently published studies adding to the existing body of literature supporting C. difficile as a foodborne pathogen are discussed. Specifically, new evidence on the presence of C. difficile in roo...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS: Edited by Mark H. Wilcox Source Type: research

Measuring outcomes in complicated intra-abdominal infections
Purpose of review Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical trials should help guide and improve the management of cIAIs. However, inappropriate selection or measurement of outcomes in cIAIs clinical trials can lead to misleading results on the effectiveness of interventions. This review aims to describe how outcomes are reported in randomized controlled trials evaluating antibiotic treatment for cIAIs and discuss how outcome reporting may be improved. Recent findings Commonly used primary outcomes are treatment success or failure, and these outcom...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS: Edited by Mark H. Wilcox Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to review the past year's literature to provide comprehensive information to researchers, physicians, and the general public regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Common ground as well as divergent viewpoints will be highlighted and discussed. Recent findings The diagnosis of GISTs may involve imaging tests such as computed tomorgraphy scan and MRI, endoscopy with or without endoscopic ultrasound, and biopsy. Only biopsy, however, can yield a positive diagnosis. As most GISTs express KIT protein, immunostaining f...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - October 12, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: STOMACH AND DUODENUM: Edited by Mitchell L. Schubert Source Type: research

Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer: 2019
Purpose of review The aim of this study was to review studies published within the past year regarding management of gastric cancer. Recent findings Laparoscopic gastrectomy achieves equivalent survival compared with open gastrectomy in early stage and locally advanced gastric cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy with 6 months of S-1 and oxaliplatin was superior to 12 months of S-1, and the addition of postoperative radiation therapy did not improve survival. The FLOT regimen is the new standard for preoperative chemotherapy. In metastatic gastric cancer, the addition of docetaxel to S-1 and cisplatin failed to improve overa...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - October 12, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: STOMACH AND DUODENUM: Edited by Mitchell L. Schubert Source Type: research

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori
Purpose of review Helicobacter pylori eradication has become more challenging over the past decade due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, especially to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. We identified 508 recent publications on H. pylori treatment (published between January 2018 and June 2019), focusing on the most highly clinically relevant for this review. Recent findings Declining H. pylori eradication rates with clarithromycin triple therapy have led to most guidelines recommending 14 days bismuth-based quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy as the best initial empiric regimen. Substituting amoxicillin for te...
Source: Current Opinion in Gastroenterology - October 12, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: STOMACH AND DUODENUM: Edited by Mitchell L. Schubert Source Type: research