Intracorneal Inlays for Presbyopia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature and provide clinical pearls for the use of intracorneal inlays for surgical treatment of presbyopia.Recent FindingsA preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) in the appropriate range for a KAMRA or Raindrop inlay aids with optimization of postoperative visual results. An eye with MRSE of −0.75 is ideal for consideration of KAMRA inlay, whereas plano to +0.50 MRSE tends to have better visual results with Raindrop.SummaryBoth KAMRA and Raindrop corneal inlays are effective surgical treatment options for presbyopia. Pat...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - July 27, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Refractive Surgery in Pediatric Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes refractive surgery options in the pediatric population. It addresses treatment for children with refractive amblyopia unamenable to spectacles and contact lenses. Procedures discussed include laser refractive surgery, phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL), and clear lens exchange. The review also discusses advancements in the treatment of pediatric keratoconus: corneal crosslinking and corneal intrastromal ring segments, both of which can lead to improvements in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Recent FindingsWhile off label, refractive surgery procedures such as laser refracti...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - July 24, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Extraocular Muscle Repair and Regeneration
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to summarize the unique regenerative milieu within mature mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). This will aid in understanding disease propensity for and sparing of EOMs in skeletal muscle diseases as well as the recalcitrance of the EOM to injury.Recent FindingsThe EOMs continually remodel throughout life and contain an extremely enriched number of myogenic precursor cells that differ in number and functional characteristics from those in limb skeletal muscle. The EOMs also contain a large population of Pitx2-positive myogenic precursor cells that provide the EOMs with m...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - June 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Topography-Guided Ablations: Early US Experience and Utility Across the Refractive Landscape
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper evaluated topography-guided excimer ablations and recent US experience of this technology. Personal clinical experience, initial approval of the technique, and its application to a potential extended spectrum of clinical conditions was reviewed.Recent FindingsTopography-guided ablation can precisely treat corneas with variable topographic indices and attempt to neutralize irregularities by combining myopic and hyperopic ablation profiles. The T-CAT Phase III study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this technique, which earned FDA approval in 2013. Current literature has reinforced ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - June 15, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
CRISPR-Mediated Ophthalmic Genome Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a genome engineering system with great potential for clinical applications due to its versatility and programmability. This review highlights the development and use of CRISPR-mediated ophthalmic genome surgery in recent years.Recent FindingsDiverse CRISPR techniques are in development to target a wide array of ophthalmic conditions, including inherited and acquired conditions. Preclinical disease modeling and recent successes in gene editing suggest potential efficacy of CRISPR as a therapeutic for inherited conditions. I...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - June 15, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Symfony Extended Depth of Focus IOL: a Review of Reported Data
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to explore the visual and refractive outcomes, incidence of photic phenomena, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction outcomes of Tecnis Symfony extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL from the peer-reviewed literature, conference presentations, and personal experience.Recent FindingsThis presbyopia-correcting EDOF IOL has a unique optical design providing an elongated area of focus which aims to enhance intermediate and near vision, while providing good contrast sensitivity and low rates of photic phenomena. Clinical defocus curves show a 1.0 D increased depth of ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - June 1, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Strategies for Regenerating the Lacrimal Gland
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAqueous deficient dry eye disease, a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, is due to dysfunction of the main and accessory lacrimal glands. Recent advances in efforts to regenerate lacrimal gland are reviewed.Recent FindingsSeveral strategies are being explored: ex vivo culture models of human and non-human lacrimal gland epithelial and myoepithelial cells, isolation and characterization of adult precursor cells within lacrimal glands, directed differentiation of stem cells to lacrimal gland cells, and organogenesis and engraftment techniques.SummaryConditions for primary cell culture and expan...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - May 29, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Regenerative Medicine in the Cornea
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCorneal disease affects 12.7 million individuals globally, and the current gold standard therapy using a human donor cornea (HDC) in low-risk patients or keratoprosthesis in high-risk patients is prone to graft rejection. New techniques are currently being investigated to regenerate corneal tissue to provide a more effective treatment for corneal blindness.Recent FindingsResearch into corneal regeneration falls broadly into three categories: cell-based therapies using autografts or allografts expanded in culture, material-based therapies that provide fully synthetic scaffolds, and cell-biomaterial ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - May 22, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Diagnosed a Patient with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy? Now What?: Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the management options for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Recent FindingsThe majority of cases of acute CSCR may be managed with observation and cessation of corticosteroids, if possible, as well as lifestyle modifications including stress reduction and control of hypertension. The management of chronic disease is more challenging and may include either medication or laser-based treatment.SummaryManagement of CSCR necessitates an individualized and selective treatment approach. There is overall poor evidence for the use of syst...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - May 8, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Secondary Intraocular Lenses by the Retinal Surgeon: from Sclerotomies to Sutures
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn an eye without capsular support, there are several options for the ophthalmologic surgeon including anterior chamber IOLs (ACIOLs), iris-sutured IOLs, scleral-sutured posterior chamber IOLs (SSIOLs), and sutureless scleral-fixated posterior chamber IOLs (SFPCIOLs). This review aims to discuss the advent and advancement of each of these devices along with the newest techniques for the retinal surgeon to use when specifically placing SSIOLs and SFPCIOLs.Recent FindingsSurgical comfort limits the use of newer SSIOLs and SFPCIOLs but they are equally successful in addressing aphakia in eyes without ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - May 8, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
X-Linked Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus (XLIIN): Case Report and Review of Literature
AbstractᅟInfantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is one of the most common forms of nystagmus. It can occur in isolation or with other ocular anomalies. While nystagmus is usually sporadic, familial cases exist and are most commonly X-linked with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. There are over 45 mutations reported in the FRMD7 gene.Purpose of ReviewThis review describes the possible underlying mechanisms of infantile nystagmus syndrome, clinical characterization, and principles of management including behavioral, refractive, pharmacological, and surgical options as well as determines the genetic basis of INS ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - May 6, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Retinoblastoma: A Global Perspective
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper will review the current literature on retinoblastoma (Rb) treatment and epidemiology worldwide, with a focus on interventions to improve survival in developing countries.Recent FindingsIn North America, Europe, and Japan, treatment for Rb has improved dramatically over the last few decades. In developing countries, however, numerous issues continue to limit Rb care, including access to specialists, cost of conventional treatments, and social/cultural considerations that contribute to delayed presentation. Some countries have instituted programs to address these barriers. Researchers have...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - April 21, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to review the recent literature of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and provide an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and management.Recent FindingsAlthough indocyanine-green angiography (ICGA) is still the gold standard for diagnosis of PCV, the use ofen face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography are useful tools in the diagnosis of PCV. Studies demonstrate superior treatment outcomes with combination photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.SummaryPCV is a disease most commo...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - April 21, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Acute Management and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will seek to answer if advances in ophthalmic imaging and evolution of treatment modalities have shed further light on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and acute management of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).Recent FindingsImaging characteristics of acute CRAO have been further characterized with the use of fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Layer segmentation of OCT imaging has found inner retinal layer hyper-reflectivity to be a common finding in acute CRAO. Non-invasive therapies,...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - April 18, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
New Drugs and New Posterior Delivery Methods in CME
AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to discuss the characteristics, indications, and adverse events (AEs) of sustained-release corticosteroid devices for the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME).Recent FindingsOzurdex ® is approved for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion-related CME, and noninfectious posterior uveitis (NIPU). It releases dexamethasone over a maximum period of 6 months making repeated intravitreal injections necessary for recurrent CME. Iluvien® releases fluoc inolone for up to 36 months and is effective for the treatment of chronic DME. Retisert® (Bausch&...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - April 7, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
