The Latest in IOLs: Light Adjustable and Trifocal IOLs —Experience from Aboard
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo investigate the latest findings in the field of intraocular lenses and their future development.Recent FindingsThe idea of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has changed the clinical practice of cataract surgery over the last 50 years. Technology and scientific studies have created IOLs of different designs, with ultraviolet filters for UV protection, different types of haptics to ensure stability, multifocal designs for distant, and near vision. IOLs’ development is fast and it is time to explore the new designs and th eir usefulness.SummaryThe newest data from the IOL field are on light adjustable ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 8, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Mastering Lens Calculations: New Formulas and Comparisons
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide a glimpse into some of the newer methods of performing IOL calculations and recent literature on which formulas and calculation strategies have been recommended for a certain subset of eyes.Recent FindingsA literature review was performed to investigate all the relevant, recently published studies on the progress, comparisons, and recent advancements of IOL calculations. Based on this review, the appropriate history, evolution, progress, limitation, and recent advancements are analyzed and explained. A plethora of IOL formulas and calculation strategies have been developed to help surgeo...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - October 16, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Femtosecond-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Residency Training
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewExposure to femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in resident education is varied and limited to a few programs at this time.Recent FindingsAlthough literature has been published on FLACS in experienced surgeons, there has been limited data on FLACS in resident-performed cataract surgery. Current literature in resident-performed surgery suggests less phacoemulsification energy; however, the data on outcomes and operative time are varied.SummaryAdditional studies are needed to determine the benefits of FLACS in resident education. Regardless of the results, even minimal exposure to...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - October 15, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Regulatory T Cell Modulation of Cytokine and Cellular Networks in Corneal Graft Rejection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCorneal allografts placed in vascularized or inflamed host beds are at increased risk of graft rejection due to the preponderance of activated immune cells in the host bed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are master regulators of the adaptive immune response and play a key role in the induction of immune tolerance. The aim of this review is to discuss mechanisms through which Tregs mediate tolerance in corneal transplantation and the novel therapeutic approaches that target Tregs to promote transplant survival.Recent FindingsThe inflammatory environment of high-risk allografts not only promotes activati...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - October 6, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Secondary IOLs: ACIOL vs Iris Sutured vs Scleral Fixated vs Phakic IOL in Aphakic Settings
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this review is to present ophthalmologists with up-to-date literature and treatment practices in the correction of vision with secondary intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the aphakic setting.Recent FindingsAdvances in the surgical techniques for the implantation of secondary intraocular lenses have allowed for improved postoperative outcomes. Studies published continue to evaluate the different surgical approaches and provide guidance to surgeons when choosing the optimal treatment plan for their patients.SummaryIn the absence of adequate capsular support, surgical implantation of intraocular...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - October 4, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Update on Pediatric Cataract Surgery and the Delphi Panel Paper
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the Delphi panel paper and address topics of non-consensus in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of pediatric cataract.Recent FindingsThe Infant Aphakia Treatment Study expanded our understanding of unilateral cataract surgery in infants 6 months and younger. While primary IOL implantation is accepted for children older than 2 years, long-term data is required to determine the optimal age for primary IOL. Primary management of the posterior capsule should consider the child’s unique risks and benefits. Recent benchmarking papers confirmed higher refractive...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 27, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Preauthorization
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal herein is to discuss preauthorization for U.S. diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and ascertain the benefits and adverse events associated with it. Preauthorization is the process of requiring a physician to obtain permission from a healthcare insurer to perform a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.Recent FindingsPreauthorization is widespread across health insurers, with the average physician performing 37 per week. The process occupies 20 h/week for the average physician and/or staff, for which there is no compensation for excess time spent. The mean cost of interacting with ins...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Clinical Factors for Early and Late Endothelial Cell Loss After Corneal Transplantation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo consider the relative importance of factors associated with post-keratoplasty endothelial cell loss.Recent FindingsLamellar keratoplasty continues to supplant penetrating keratoplasty. When host endothelium is healthy, retaining it with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty significantly reduces long-term endothelial cell loss. Endothelial keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty differ fundamentally in relative rates of early and late central endothelial cell loss, yet at 10 years, their cumulative cell loss is similarly substantial. The greatest risk factor for post-keratoplasty endothelial d...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
New Developments in the Surgical Treatment of Glaucoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we aimed to provide, in a structured format, an evidenced based review of the current state of minimally invasive surgical glaucoma management.Recent FindingsNumerous studies, mostly non-comparative, have demonstrated several new, safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgeries for the management of various stages of open-angle glaucomas. These surgeries can either be combined with cataract surgery or performed in isolation of cataract surgery. Most of the newer minimally invasive procedures ensure safety with a mild to moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect. Two nove...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Biosynthetic Corneal Substitutes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRegeneration of the corneal epithelium and endothelium has been achieved, but regeneration of the corneal stroma has not, because it has several remarkable properties, including high tensile strength, thrust resistance, and high transparency. We introduce several biosynthetic approaches to creating stromal substitutes closely resembling the native human corneal stroma are currently being studied.Recent FindingsCurrently, there are five approaches to regenerate corneal stroma: (1) decellularization, (2) the use of human recombinant collagen (HRC), (3) optical clarification (and lamination), (4) cell...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
The Importance of Vaccination Against Herpes Zoster
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we will discuss herpes zoster, a common, serious, and potentially vision and life-threatening preventable disease. We will also review the two available zoster vaccines and discuss the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommendations regarding herpes zoster vaccination.Recent FindingsThe incidence of herpes zoster is increasing, the age of onset is decreasing, and more complications are being reported. The zoster vaccine live (ZVL), which contains a live attenuated virus, has been CDC recommended for immunocompetent adults age...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Preauthorization
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal herein is to discuss preauthorization for U.S. diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and ascertain the benefits and adverse events associated with it. Preauthorization is the process of requiring a physician to obtain permission from a healthcare insurer to perform a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.Recent FindingsPreauthorization is widespread across health insurers, with the average physician performing 37 per week. The process occupies 20 h/week for the average physician and/or staff, for which there is no compensation for excess time spent. The mean cost of interacting with ins...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - August 8, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
New Developments in the Surgical Treatment of Glaucoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we aimed to provide, in a structured format, an evidenced based review of the current state of minimally invasive surgical glaucoma management.Recent FindingsNumerous studies, mostly non-comparative, have demonstrated several new, safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgeries for the management of various stages of open-angle glaucomas. These surgeries can either be combined with cataract surgery or performed in isolation of cataract surgery. Most of the newer minimally invasive procedures ensure safety with a mild to moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect. Two nove...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - August 8, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
