Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Presbyopia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review deals about new treatments for presbyopia with drops. Looking at the approved and pipeline drugs that are being tested, we ask the question of which could be the mechanism of action involved.Recent FindingsThe last 10 years of research have seen development and testing in lab conditions and human trials with very different drugs devoted to restore near visual function in presbyopes.SummaryThe testing protocols of new drugs and combinations of drugs were analyzed. In most cases, only distance aided or unaided near visual acuity was the main outcome measure being tested. Accommodation p...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - January 21, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy with a Focus on Attempted Treatment Modalities
AbstractAcute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a presumed inflammatory disorder leading to sectoral outer retinal dysfunction. This condition is characterized by unilateral acute or subacute onset of photopsias and visual field defects with an often relatively unremarkable funduscopic exam. There is frequently gradual progression of symptoms with involvement of the fellow eye, although final visual acuity usually remains preserved. This comprehensive literature review of currently published cases seeks to review the natural history, prognosis, diagnostic modalities, and treatments used for patients with AZOOR. Pat...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - December 1, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Update on the Light-Adjustable Lens (LAL)
Abstract Purpose of ReviewTo review the latest articles or papers on the results of light-adjustable lens implantation after lens surgery. We know this IOL was approved by the FDA in 2017. Mexico and Europe have experience with the LAL since 2008.Recent FindingsDespite more than 5 years of LAL approval in the market, there is only one paper that shows 7 years of folloAbstract_Paraw-up results after LAL implantation. There are also reports with visual results in special cases after cataract surgery in patients with prior LASIK and prior radial keratotomy.SummaryRetinal safety, refractive accuracy, and management of ref...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 28, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Post-Radiation Cataract Management: Outcomes in Individuals with Uveal Melanoma
ConclusionCataract surgery is safe and effective in improving visual acuity in individuals with post-radiation cataracts. A multi-disciplinary approach, proper surgical planning, and postoperative anti-inflammatory care are paramount in the management of these individuals. (Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports)
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 25, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
The Potential of Stem Cells as Treatment for Ocular Surface Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this article, we review recent studies that examine stem cells as a potential treatment for ocular surface diseases.Recent FindingsMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from non-ocular surface tissues were effective in treating limbal stem cell deficiency and corneal endothelial dysfunction. In dry eye, limbal stem cells reduced ocular symptoms, while MSCs improved tear secretion and tear quality and reduced symptoms and inflammatory cytokine expression. There were no clinically significant adverse effects associated with stem cell treatment.SummaryWhile available evidence supports stem cells as...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Demodex Blepharitis: Its Role and Treatment in Ocular Surface Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this article, we review the range of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management options forDemodex blepharitis.Recent FindingsInfestation of the eyelid margin withDemodex has been associated with a growing number of ocular and dermatologic conditions. Non-invasive method of diagnosis can be made at the slit lamp, by identifying waxy deposits at the base of the eyelashes. Numerous treatment regimens exist that can eradicate Demodex and significantly improve the patient ’s symptom burden.SummaryOcular demodicosis has been increasingly recognized as an inciting culprit of blepharit...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Outcomes of Pythium keratitis: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Abstract
Purpose of ReviewTo review and perform a meta-analysis of individual patient data from observational studies describing medical treatment of Pythium keratitis. The outcomes of interest were therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) and globe removal (evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration); the main exposures were linezolid and azithromycin use.Recent FindingsOf 46 eligible articles, individual patient data were available for 306 eyes (34 studies). Pythium keratitis was associated with high rates of TPK (80%, 95% CI 70 –87%) and globe removal (25%, 95% CI 13–43). In multivariable models adjusting for a...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: Management
This study aimed to discuss an updated, evidence-supported, stepwise approach to the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK).Recent FindingsPUK conventionally describes a rapidly progressive, crescent-shaped, peripheral, and inflammatory corneal melt. Undertreated PUK may lead to vision loss and premature mortality. A comprehensive approach includes diagnosis, short-term treatment, long-term treatment, and surgical considerations. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Next, the clinician should pursue an underlying etiology with a meticulous workup, including careful consideration of microbial k...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 9, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Intense Pulse Light Therapy for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
This article reviews the history, indications, therapeutic safety/efficacy, and suspected mechanisms of action of intense pulse light therapy (IPL) in treating meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and related conditions.Recent FindingsIPL has been used by dermatologists since the 1980s. Today, through reduction of meibum viscosity, photocoagulation, photobiomodulation, photorejuvenation, and antimicrobial effects, IPL is becoming more widely employed as a novel approach for MGD in ophthalmology. Recent literature supports IPL as a safe and effective approach to managing the symptoms and signs of MGD, though patient selection ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 7, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis: Diagnosis and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to provide an update on the diagnosis and the latest management options for atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).Recent FindingsAtopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic, inflammatory condition seen in patients with atopic dermatitis at any point during the disease course. It is the most severe type of allergic eye disease and can have potentially severe ocular sequelae leading to blindness. Recent additions to the armamentarium for the treatment of severe atopic disease have focused on steroid sparing agents that include systemic T cell and calcineurin inhibitor medications as w...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 5, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Update on the Management of Acanthamoeba Keratitis
AbstractPurpose or ReviewIn this article, we review the latest diagnostic modalities and management ofacanthamoeba keratitisRecent FindingsThe incidence as well as severity ofacanthamoeba keratitis is increasing, making this a challenging disease to treat, especially in patients who have a delay in diagnosis or severe disease at presentation. Newer tools such as voriconazole, miltefosine, and collagen crosslinking may be needed for infection control. Complications such as persistent infection, severe thinning, or perforation may necessitate surgical intervention.SummaryWhile traditional therapies such as polyhexamethylene ...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 5, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Immunosuppressive Therapy for High-Risk Corneal Transplant
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes the efficacy, clinical utility, and adverse event profile of available immunosuppression agents used for high-risk keratoplasties. New studies are emphasized.Recent FindingsRecent studies have highlighted the use of different immunosuppressive agents in the setting of high-risk keratoplasty as well as supporting studies (e.g., immune privilege, panel reactive antibody, HLA matching, graft rejection, and large reviews on the topic). Specific agents studied were topical difluprednate, topical and systemic tacrolimus, topical and systemic cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, met...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - November 4, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Ocular Surface Ion Transport and Dry Eye Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the role of ocular surface epithelial (corneal and conjunctival) ion transporters in the pathogenesis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED).Recent FindingsCurrently, anti-inflammatory agents are the mainstay of DED treatment, though there are several agents in development that target ion transport proteins on the ocular surface, acting by pro-secretory or anti-absorptive mechanisms to increase the tear fluid film volume. Activation or inhibition of selected ion transporters can alter tear fluid osmolality, driving water transport onto the ocular surface via osmosis. Several ion transport...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - October 20, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
The Role of the Ocular Surface Microbiome (OSM) in Diseases of the Anterior Segment and Ocular Surface
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this article, we define the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) and review the literature investigating its putative role in anterior segment diseases.Recent FindingsThe complex networks of microorganisms that compose the OSM play integral roles in many physiologic processes. The three most common bacterial phyla that contribute to the microbiome are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, although the composition has been found to vary by anatomic site, age, and systemic disease. Multiple ocular conditions have definitive associations with OSM alterations, some with specific signature col...
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 10, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
A Review of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex
We present a review of the current literature, but more research is needed to better understand the disease process and direct advances in treatment modalities. (Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports)
Source: Current Ophthalmology Reports - September 3, 2022 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
