Evolving Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis: Implications for Vaccination
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe examine the present global burden of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in endemic populations, summarize published cases in travelers since 2009, examine current guidelines for vaccination for international travelers, and consider challenges in prevention of this vector-borne disease.Recent FindingsWe identified 11 JE cases in travelers that were published in peer-reviewed literature since 2009. JE incidence in endemic countries appears to be declining but the number of JE cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) varied from estimates derived from other published reports based on serosurve...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Current State of Antimicrobial Stewardship: Challenges, Successes, and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this study is to examine the current state of the field of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) by highlighting key challenges and successes, as well as exciting future directions.Recent FindingsAS mandates from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) and the Joint Commission (TJC) will stimulate increased compliance with current AS standards, but overall compliance is currently poor. Key challenges to progress in the field of AS include insufficient workforce and monetary resources, poorly defined AS metrics, and much needed expansion beyond the inpatient hospital setting. Despite these c...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Ureaplasma urealyticum : the Role as a Pathogen in Women ’s Health, a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo evaluate the role ofUreaplasma urealyticum as a genital pathogen in women ’s health. Three aspects were analyzed: (1) preterm delivery (PTD); (2) female infertility; and (3) lower genital tract pathology including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervicitis, and genital discomfort (discharge, burning).Recent FindingsA systematic review was performed. Searching PUBMED and EMBASE for published articles from January 2003 to September 2017 using the key word “Ureaplasma urealyticum” yielded 1835 manuscripts. These were further screened using defined inclusion criteria: (1) original peer-revi...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Travel and the Spread of Drug-Resistant Bacteria
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe rise in antimicrobial resistance is an urgent public health threat which, in the absence of intervention, may result in a post-antibiotic era limiting the effectiveness of antibiotics to treat both common and serious infections. Globalization and human migration have profoundly contributed to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the importance of travelers in the spread of drug-resistant bacterial organisms. Our goal was to describe the importance of travel on a variety of clinically relevant drug-resistant bacterial organisms including ex...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Primary Prevention of Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea: Current Controversies and Future Tools
AbstractPurpose of ReviewClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and rates in most places have not decreased significantly despite broad efforts by both hospitals and public health entities. This review aims to provide readers with a better understanding of the limitations of current prevention strategies. We also review potential future tools that may be available for the primary prevention of CDI in the next decade.Recent FindingsResearch over the last decade has expanded our appreciation of the role of asymptomatic shedding in the healthcare setting and ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - June 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
