Septic Coagulopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSeptic coagulopathy is a complex disorder linked with multiple organ dysfunction and increased mortality, and definitive treatments are still lacking. This review summarizes the current understanding of septic coagulopathy, covering its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and debatable treatment approaches. Additionally, it provides a thorough overview of recent research and emerging trends in this area.Recent FindingsRecent studies have highlighted the interplay between coagulation mechanisms in sepsis and inflammatory response. Diagnostic tools include the newly published scoring system for sepsis-induce...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Subtleties and differences of managing ICU patients across South Africa, Australia and UK
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSepsis remains one of the greatest global healthcare burdens, with an estimated greater mortality rate from sepsis in Africa. The increasing global financial, social, and political strain of the twenty-first century has created new challenges when trying to tackle this problem. We aim to compare the differences in the management of sepsis in three countries (Australia, the UK, and South Africa) that face distinctly different challenges.Recent FindingsThe Surviving Sepsis Guidelines attempted to provide a good standard of care with bundles to help initiate early appropriate treatment. These bundles ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Septic Coagulopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSeptic coagulopathy is a complex disorder linked with multiple organ dysfunction and increased mortality, and definitive treatments are still lacking. This review summarizes the current understanding of septic coagulopathy, covering its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and debatable treatment approaches. Additionally, it provides a thorough overview of recent research and emerging trends in this area.Recent FindingsRecent studies have highlighted the interplay between coagulation mechanisms in sepsis and inflammatory response. Diagnostic tools include the newly published scoring system for sepsis-induce...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Subtleties and differences of managing ICU patients across South Africa, Australia and UK
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSepsis remains one of the greatest global healthcare burdens, with an estimated greater mortality rate from sepsis in Africa. The increasing global financial, social, and political strain of the twenty-first century has created new challenges when trying to tackle this problem. We aim to compare the differences in the management of sepsis in three countries (Australia, the UK, and South Africa) that face distinctly different challenges.Recent FindingsThe Surviving Sepsis Guidelines attempted to provide a good standard of care with bundles to help initiate early appropriate treatment. These bundles ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 22, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Difficult to Treat Gram-Negative Bacteria —The Indian Scenario
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOver 50% of the infections in most ICUs in tertiary care centres in India are caused by difficult to treat (DTR) gram-negative bacteria. The options available for the treatment of these infections are quite limited. This review discusses the epidemiology of these DTR infections in India and explores the various treatment strategies for these infections which are relevant in an Indian setting.Recent FindingsThe most common organisms causing DTR infections in India areKlebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanisms of resistance in these organi...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 20, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Whole Genome Sequencing Applications in Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhole genome sequencing is increasingly used in epidemiologic surveillance in healthcare centers, shedding new light on the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. As processing times for these technologies shorten, the ability to use sequencing data for targeted infection prevention is seemingly attainable and of great interest to infection prevention practitioners in an era of limited resources.Recent FindingsCommon healthcare-associated infections such asC. difficile and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus may be acquired in diverse settings including the community, rather than ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Verdict on Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam-Associated Nephrotoxicity: Acquittal by Biomarkers or Guilty as Charged?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCurrent literature largely suggests that the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (VPT) is associated with a significantly higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to vancomycin alone or in combination with other antipseudomonal beta-lactams. However, the true mechanisms behind this potential nephrotoxic effect remain unclear.Recent FindingsThe majority of studies describing VPT-associated nephrotoxicity are based on potentially flawed surrogates of glomerular function (e.g., serum creatinine). Moreover, the incidence of creatinine-based AKI is dependent on the consensus d...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Whole Genome Sequencing Applications in Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Prevention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhole genome sequencing is increasingly used in epidemiologic surveillance in healthcare centers, shedding new light on the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. As processing times for these technologies shorten, the ability to use sequencing data for targeted infection prevention is seemingly attainable and of great interest to infection prevention practitioners in an era of limited resources.Recent FindingsCommon healthcare-associated infections such asC. difficile and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus may be acquired in diverse settings including the community, rather than ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Long Story Short: Establishing Breakpoints for Antimicrobials and 2023 Updates
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review outlines the process of setting and revising Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints and summarizes breakpoints approved in 2023. These breakpoints will be published in the 2024 edition of the CLSI M100 document.Recent FindingsOver the past decade, new rapid diagnostic tests and antibiotic approvals have led to more frequent updates and revisions to clinical breakpoints —or susceptibility test interpretive criteria (STIC). CLSI is currently the only recognized standards development organization—outside of the FDA—allowed to set or revise STIC. The process of...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 18, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Recent Advancements in the Therapeutic Development for Marburg Virus: Updates on Clinical Trials
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe aim to provide valuable insights into the current state of therapeutic development for the deadly Marburg virus and guide researchers and clinicians to study the emerging therapies and shape future directions against this deadly virus.Recent FindingsWe find considerable progress in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of the Marburg virus, leading to the identification of small-molecule antivirals and host-targeted approaches, including RNA polymerase inhibitors, viral entry inhibitors, and RNA interference therapies. However, there are very few ongoing clinical trials on the the...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 15, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HBV Reactivation in Patients Receiving Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKIs): a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs) are immunosuppressive cancer therapies approved for the treatment of various mature B-cell malignancies. Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) is a known complication in patients with chronic or past HBV infection undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy. The present work aims to establish the correlation between HBVr and patients receiving BTKIs.Recent FindingsThis review included 18 studies. The overall incidence of HBVr was found to be 6.6% in patients with past HBV infections who received ibrutinib. Fourteen cases of HBVr were associated with ibrutinib...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
An Update on Suppurative Tenosynovitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSuppurative tenosynovitis is a serious infection mostly affecting the flexor tendons of the hand and is considered a medico-surgical emergency.Recent FindingsInfectious tenosynovitis is mostly caused byStaphylococci,Streptococci, Gram negatives, and following bite injury,Eikenella andPasteurella species. Atypical organisms especially in immunocompromised patients are increasingly being reported like fungi and slowly or rapidly growing mycobacteria. Management can be conservative with intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring especially in mild cases. Minimally invasive catheter irrigation of ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HBV Reactivation in Patients Receiving Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKIs): a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs) are immunosuppressive cancer therapies approved for the treatment of various mature B-cell malignancies. Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) is a known complication in patients with chronic or past HBV infection undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy. The present work aims to establish the correlation between HBVr and patients receiving BTKIs.Recent FindingsThis review included 18 studies. The overall incidence of HBVr was found to be 6.6% in patients with past HBV infections who received ibrutinib. Fourteen cases of HBVr were associated with ibrutinib...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 1, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
An Update on Suppurative Tenosynovitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSuppurative tenosynovitis is a serious infection mostly affecting the flexor tendons of the hand and is considered a medico-surgical emergency.Recent FindingsInfectious tenosynovitis is mostly caused byStaphylococci,Streptococci, Gram negatives, and following bite injury,Eikenella andPasteurella species. Atypical organisms especially in immunocompromised patients are increasingly being reported like fungi and slowly or rapidly growing mycobacteria. Management can be conservative with intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring especially in mild cases. Minimally invasive catheter irrigation of ...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - January 1, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
