Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis (SCAD)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA distinctive, possibly “novel” form of a segmental inflammatory colonic disease process associated with diverticular disease (so-called SCAD or segmental-colitis-associated-diverticulosis) is reviewed.Recent FindingsAlthough this phenotype of inflammatory colonic disease was initially recognized decades ago, mainly in the elderly, recent evidence from long term natural history studies along with meta-analyses confirms that its clinical course is usually benign and drug-responsive. Interestingly, its appearance in some treated with monoclonal agents (eg., ipilimumab associated colitis) or infec...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - May 2, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewArtificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field in gastrointestinal endoscopy, and its potential applications are virtually endless, with studies demonstrating use of AI for early gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Barrett ’s esophagus, capsule endoscopy, as well as other areas in gastroenterology. Much of the early studies and applications of AI in gastroenterology have revolved around colonoscopy, particularly with regards to real-time polyp detection and characterization. This review will cover much of the existi ng data on computer-aided detection (CADe), computer-aided diagn...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - May 2, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis (SCAD)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA distinctive, possibly “novel” form of a segmental inflammatory colonic disease process associated with diverticular disease (so-called SCAD or segmental-colitis-associated-diverticulosis) is reviewed.Recent FindingsAlthough this phenotype of inflammatory colonic disease was initially recognized decades ago, mainly in the elderly, recent evidence from long term natural history studies along with meta-analyses confirms that its clinical course is usually benign and drug-responsive. Interestingly, its appearance in some treated with monoclonal agents (eg., ipilimumab associated colitis) or infec...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - May 2, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewArtificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field in gastrointestinal endoscopy, and its potential applications are virtually endless, with studies demonstrating use of AI for early gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Barrett ’s esophagus, capsule endoscopy, as well as other areas in gastroenterology. Much of the early studies and applications of AI in gastroenterology have revolved around colonoscopy, particularly with regards to real-time polyp detection and characterization. This review will cover much of the existi ng data on computer-aided detection (CADe), computer-aided diagn...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - May 2, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Parkinson ’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Synergistic Effects on Pathophysiology and GI Motility
AbstractPurpose of ReviewParkinson ’s disease and diabetes affect an increasing proportion of the aging global population. Both conditions extensively affect gastrointestinal (GI) motility with similar and differing clinical symptoms. Nonetheless, GI symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and diabetes pose significant morbidity and impa irment of quality of life. Their pathophysiology is poorly understood, and therefore, effective treatment options are lacking.Recent FindingsParkinson ’s disease patients have oropharyngeal dysphagia and constipation. They also have mild or absent upper GI symptoms associated with delayed ga...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 17, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Colon Capsule Endoscopy – Shining the Light through the Colon
AbstractPurpose of ReviewColon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a non-invasive, wireless capsule endoscope. In this article, we review its current applications, compare its performance with optical colonoscopy (OC) and alternative imaging modalities like CT colonography (CTC), and highlight developments that may increase potential future use.Recent FindingsBy comparison to OC both CCE and CTC have a good sensitivity and specificity in detecting colonic polyps. CCE is more sensitive in detecting sub centimetre polyps. CCE is capable of detecting colonic inflammation and anorectal pathologies, commonly missed by CTC. However, rate...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 6, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Reconsideration of the Gastroparetic Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGastroparesis is a chronic disorder characterized by a constellation of foregut symptoms, including postprandial nausea, vomiting, distension, epigastric pain, and regurgitation in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction. Despite considerable research over the past decades, there remains to be only nominal understanding of disease classification, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and preferred therapy.Recent FindingsWe critically reassess current approaches for disease identification and stratification, theories of causation, and treatment for gastroparesis. Gastric scintigraphy, long considered...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 1, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Electroceuticals for Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an updated overview on use of electrostimulation in gastrointestinal motility disorders and obesity, with a focus on gastric electrical stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation.Recent FindingsRecent studies on gastric electrical stimulation for chronic vomiting showed a decrease in frequency of vomiting, but without significant improvement in quality of life. Percutaneous vagal nerve stimulation shows some promise for both symptoms of gastroparesis and IBS. Sacral nerve stimulation does not appear effective for constipation. Studies of electroceuticals for treatm...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - March 3, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Ethical Implications of Nutrition Therapy at the End of Life
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProvide an evidence-based resource to inform ethically sound recommendations regarding end of life nutrition therapy.Recent Findings• Some patients with a reasonable performance status can temporarily benefit from medically administered nutrition and hydration(MANH) at the end of life.• MANH is contraindicated in advanced dementia.• MANH eventually becomes nonbeneficial or harmful in terms of survival, function, and comfort for all patients at end of life.• Shared decision-making is a practice based on relational autonomy, and the ethical gold standard in end of life decisions.SummaryA trea...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - March 2, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Food as Medicine: How to Influence the Microbiome and Improve Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights effects of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms in those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Recent FindingsIt is hypothesized that gut dysbiosis factors into the pathophysiology of IBS. Various diets that influence the microbiome and intestinal physiology may have therapeutic properties. At present, data suggests that implementation of personalized dietary interventions have a mixed, but overall positive effect on the gut microbiome and IBS symptoms.SummaryThe effect of dietary modification on the gut microbiome and GI symptoms in patient...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - February 10, 2023 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
