The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease in the Elderly
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGrowing evidence supports the contribution of age in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, with specific findings associated with health in old age and longevity.Recent FindingsCurrent studies have associated certain microbiota, such asButyricimonas,Akkermansia, andOdoribacter, with healthy aging and the ability to survive into extreme old age. Furthermore, emerging clinical and pre-clinical research have shown promising mechanisms for restoring a healthy microbiome in elderly populations through various interventions such as fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), dietary interventions, a...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 20, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Capsules for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders- A Game Changer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOver the last few decades, there have been remarkable strides in endoscopy and radiological imaging that have advanced gastroenterology. However, the management of neurogastroenterological disorders has lagged behind, in part handicapped by the use of catheter-based manometry that is both non-physiological and uncomfortable. The advent of capsule technology has been a game changer for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Recent FindingsHere, we discuss several capsule devices that are available or under investigation. There are three technologies that are FDA approved. Wireless motility cap...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 17, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Does Ileus Represent the Forgotten End Organ Failure in Critical Illness?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review evaluates the current literature on ileus, impaired gastrointestinal transit (IGT), and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) and its impact on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Recent FindingsIleus is often under recognized in critically ill patients and is associated with significant morbidity and is potentially a marker of disease severity as seen in other organs like kidneys (ATN). (Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports)
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - April 1, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction (EGJOO): A Manometric Phenomenon or Clinically Impactful Problem
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), defined manometrically by impaired esophagogastric junction relaxation (EGJ) with preserved peristalsis, can be artifactual, due to secondary etiologies (mechanical, medication-induced), or a true motility disorder. The purpose of this review is to go over the evolving approach to diagnosing and treating clinically relevant EGJOO.Recent FindingsTimed barium esophagram (TBE) and the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) are useful to identify clinically relevant EGJOO that merits lower esophageal sphincter (LES) directed therapies. There are no r...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - March 28, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Integrative Approaches to Managing Gut Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize key integrative approaches to managing common gastrointestinal conditions.Recent FindingsLifestyle interventions like diet, exercise, and stress reduction impact the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms. Evidence supports mind-body therapies, herbs, certain supplements, and other modalities as complimentary approaches, when appropriate, for common conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or gastroesophageal reflux disease.SummaryAn integrative approach optimizes both conventional treatments and incorporates lifestyle modifications, complimentary modalities, and the doctor-patie...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - March 12, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Peri-Operative Optimization of Patients with Crohn ’s Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe management of patients with Crohn ’s disease (CD) undergoing surgery is complex and optimization of modifiable factors perioperatively can improve outcomes. This review focuses on the perioperative management of CD patients undergoing surgery, emphasizing the need for a multi-disciplinary approach.Recent FindingsResearch highlights the benefits of a comprehensive strategy, involving nutritional optimization, psychological assessment, and addressing septic complications before surgery. Despite many CD patients being on immune-suppressing medications, studies indicate that most of these medicat...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - February 29, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence and IBD: Where are We Now and Where Will We Be in the Future?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewArtificial intelligence (AI) is quickly demonstrating the ability to address problems and challenges in the care of IBD. This review with commentary will highlight today ’s advancements in AI applications for IBD in image analysis, understanding text, and replicating clinical knowledge and experience.Recent FindingsAdvancements in machine learning methods, availability of high-performance computing, and increasing digitization of medical data are providing opportunities for AI to assist in IBD care. Multiple groups have demonstrated the ability of AI to replicate expert endoscopic scoring in IBD,...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - February 27, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Endoscopic Non-ablative Radiofrequency Treatment (Stretta) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common in the general population and poses a large societal socio-economic burden. In this article, we review the evidence supporting non-ablative radiofrequency treatment (Stretta) for the endoscopic management of GERD and we compare it to pharmacologic and other minimally invasive and surgical interventions.Recent FindingsProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are a key therapy for GERD. For patients without associated significant sliding hiatal hernia, who have inadequate relief of their reflux symptoms, Stretta and other endoscopic therapies, such as transor...
Source: Current Gastroenterology Reports - February 23, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
