Prepubertal Vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginitis is a common gynecologic complaint in prepubertal girls. It typically presents with complaints of vulvovaginal itching, burning, irritation, discharge, or skin changes. Prepubertal females have anatomic, physiological, and behavioral factors that most often contribute to the development of symptoms. Careful attention to history and associated complaints will direct evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Most cases are nonspecific in origin and treatment includes counseling to patients and parents on hygiene and voiding techniques. Antibiotic treatment for specific pathogens may be indicated. Other less common ...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - July 30, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: What the Generalist Ob/Gyn Needs to Know Source Type: research
Foreword: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: What the Generalist Ob/Gyn Needs to Know
No abstract available (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - July 30, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: What the Generalist Ob/Gyn Needs to Know Source Type: research
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: What the Generalist Ob/Gyn Needs to Know
No abstract available (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - July 30, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Contributors: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: What the Generalist Ob/Gyn Needs to Know Source Type: research
Index
No abstract available (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Index Source Type: research
Maternal Fetal Surgery: Intervention and Management
Congenital malformations occur in about 3% of all live births and are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. An evolving understanding of the developing human fetus, advances in imaging, availability of cutting-edge instrumentation, and enhanced understanding of fetal pathophysiology, have allowed for prenatal surgical interventions to improve fetal diseases and neonatal outcomes. Fetal surgical therapy is no longer restricted to life-threatening prenatal diagnoses and can be categorized into either open surgical techniques or minimally invasive endoscopic/ultrasound-guided techniques. Patient selection requ...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Trauma in Pregnancy
One of the most common causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality is trauma in pregnancy. Several maternal physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on the mechanism, presentation, and management of trauma in this population. It is crucial for health providers dealing with trauma to know and understand these differences between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. The obstetric trauma patient requires a multidisciplinary approach, including obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, anesthesiology, surgery, and intensive care teams. The aim of this article is to review the most updated information on trauma...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy
The need for cardiac surgery during pregnancy is rare. Only 1% to 4% of pregnancies are complicated by maternal cardiac disease and most of these can be managed with medical therapy and lifestyle changes. On occasion, whether due to natural progression of the underlying cardiac disease or precipitated by the cardiovascular changes of pregnancy, cardiac surgical therapy must be considered. Cardiac surgery is inherently dangerous for both, the mother and fetus with mortality rates near 10% and 30%, respectively. For some conditions, percutaneous cardiac intervention offers effective therapy with far less risk to the mother a...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Surgery in the Obese Pregnant Patient
This chapter reviews issues which complicate surgery in obese pregnant patients. Maternal obesity is prevalent in the United States and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. When surgery is indicated during pregnancy, the presence of maternal obesity increases surgical risks for both the fetus and mother. Specific risks are identified and strategies to avoid them are evaluated. The prognosis and management of pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery is also discussed, and practical guidelines for obstetric management of these patients are presented. (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Appendicitis and Cholecystitis in Pregnancy
Up to 2% of pregnant women develop a disease that requires nonobstetrical operative intervention during pregnancy. We discuss the issues unique to pregnant patients as they pertain to the presentation, diagnosis, and management of nonobstetric surgical disease, with an emphasis on 2 of the most common diseases that affect pregnant women: appendicitis and cholecystitis. Surgery has been demonstrated to be safe and effective during pregnancy, provided proper precautions are taken into account. It is the consensus of multiple professional committees and societies that no pregnant women should be delayed or denied a necessary ...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
With the increased use and quality of ultrasound in pregnancy, adnexal masses are being encountered with greater frequency. Fortunately, the vast majority of such masses are benign and resolve on their own. However, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with the types of adnexal masses that may be visualized in pregnancy to best counsel these women. In addition, complications such as ovarian torsion, and rarely, even malignancy can occur. In this article, we review the available literature on this subject to help guide the clinician in the diagnosis and management of adnexal masses in pregnancy. (Source: Clinical O...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Pregnancy
This article will review the safety of surgery in pregnancy, maternal physiology, fetal considerations, maternal obesity, laparoscopic cerclage, large adnexal mass, and complications. Guidelines for surgery will be reviewed as well. (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Intraoperative Fetal Monitoring for Nonobstetric Surgery
Necessary nonobstetric surgical procedures should not be withheld from pregnant women for fear of risks to the women and their pregnancies; however, careful preoperative planning should be undertaken to mitigate risks that may be present. Fetal monitoring recommendations will be dependent on the woman’s preferences, gestational age of the pregnancy, and situational-specific risks (including anticipated risk of cardiovascular instability). Some fetal heart rate changes (lower baseline, less variability) can be anticipated, depending on anesthetic agents utilized during the procedure, and should not routinely prompt delive...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Diagnostic Imaging and Outcomes for Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy
A surgical disease occurring during pregnancy can present a diagnostic dilemma due to the desire to make a timely and accurate diagnosis within the constraints of limiting radiation exposure to the fetus. However, required diagnostic imaging should be pursued when indicated and attempts made to minimize the radiation dose by utilizing abdominal shielding and low-dose protocols when feasible. When surgery is indicated due to disease processes, treatment should not be altered or delayed due to pregnancy as the evidence for adverse pregnancy outcomes including early pregnancy loss and preterm delivery are overall of low quali...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Anesthesia for Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy
Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy occurs in 1% to 2% of pregnant women. Physiologic changes during pregnancy may have an impact when anesthesia is needed. Anesthetic agents commonly used during pregnancy are not associated with teratogenic effects in clinical doses. Surgery-related risks of miscarriage and prematurity need to be elucidated with well-designed studies. Recommended practices include individualized use of intraoperative fetal monitoring and multidisciplinary planning to address the timing and type of surgery, anesthetic technique, pain management, and thromboprophylaxis. Emergency procedures should be perf...
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
Foreword: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy
No abstract available (Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology)
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology - April 22, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Nonobstetric Surgery in Pregnancy Source Type: research
