On the impact of the genocide on the intergroup empathy bias between former perpetrators, survivors, and their children in Rwanda.
American Psychologist, Vol 78(7), Oct 2023, 825-841; doi:10.1037/amp0001066Studying what factors influence the ability to resonate with the pain of others in the aftermath of a genocide and how this extends to the following generation is critical to better understand the perpetuation of conflicts. In the present study conducted in Rwanda, we recruited former genocide perpetrators and survivors, and their respective children and investigated how their neural response to the pain of others is modulated when they visualized pictures of former perpetrators or survivors, or their offspring. We further evaluated how the impact o...
Source: American Psychologist - October 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Translating the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) from potential to practice: Ten research questions.
American Psychologist, Vol 78(7), Oct 2023, 873-885; doi:10.1037/amp0001046The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a novel diagnostic system grounded in empirical research into the architecture of mental illness. Its basic units are continuous dimensions—as opposed to categories—that are organized into a hierarchy according to patterns of symptom co-occurrence observed in quantitative studies. Previous HiTOP discussions have focused on existing evidence regarding the model’s structure and ability to account for neurobiological, social, cultural, and clinical variation. The present article looks ahead ...
Source: American Psychologist - October 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intelligence … moving beyond the lowest common denominator.
American Psychologist, Vol 78(3), Apr 2023, 283-297; doi:10.1037/amp0001057Despite a century of use in assessing children for predicting academic success, IQ theory and assessments largely overlook the intellectual repertoires of adolescents and adults that are not common, including declarative, procedural, and tacit knowledge. Such knowledge and skill repertoires are essential elements of adult intellectual life and livelihood. A proposal for considering a wider range of knowledge and skills in the definition and assessment of intelligence is offered, along with ideas for moving forward in both research and applications. ...
Source: American Psychologist - October 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Alice F. Chang (1943–2021).
This article memorializes Alice F. Chang (1943–2021). Alice helped to create the Marana Community Mental Health Clinic, serving Indigenous, migrant, and indigent communities. She created a model licensure law for psychologists and continuing education criterion for licensure. Alice was a leader in psychological organizations and advocacy, serving on numerous APA boards and committees. She was passionate about the need to nurture Asian American women in psychology and founded the AAPA’s Division on Women in 1995, a signature example of her mentoring and leadership that also paved the way for future AAPA divisions. (Psyc...
Source: American Psychologist - October 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Phebe K. Cramer (1936–2021).
This article memorializes Phebe K. Cramer (1936–2021). Phebe K. Cramer was a consummate researcher, clinician, administrator, and athlete. Her most notable contribution as a psychologist was the creation and validation of a model of defense mechanism development and 30+ years of experimental, longitudinal, and cross-sectional research providing empirical support for the model. Her Defense Mechanism Manual (DMM) permits interscorer-reliable coding of developmentally anchored defenses in thematic apperception test (TAT) stories, and her longitudinal publications demonstrate the impact of defenses on personality development...
Source: American Psychologist - October 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Language brokering and immigrant-origin youth’s well-being: A meta-analytic review.
American Psychologist, Vol 77(8), Nov 2022, 921-939; doi:10.1037/amp0001035Youth from immigrant families often translate or interpret materials for their parents who lack proficiency in the dominant language of the mainstream society. However, evidence remains mixed regarding whether such a language brokering role is promotive or disruptive for youth’s well-being. This meta-analysis synthesized 65 studies (1,242 effect sizes, 17,791 individuals; grand Mage = 16.68, SDage = 4.78) to examine whether, how, and when brokering frequency and feelings were related to well-being. Language brokering frequency was inversely associ...
Source: American Psychologist - October 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Does anyone benefit from exclusionary discipline? An exploration on the direct and vicarious links between suspensions for minor infraction and adolescents’ academic achievement.
This article uses a two-study approach to examine the mechanisms linking suspensions for minor infractions and educational outcomes in science (N-student = 558; N-classroom = 41; Mage = 12.83; age range = 10–16; 40% Black, 55% White, 5% other race; 51% girls; 62% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch) and math (N-student = 1,302; N-classroom = 64; Mage = 13.00; age range = 10–16; 41% Black, 53% White, 6% other race; 50% girls; 64% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch) classrooms among both suspended and nonsuspended students. Results showed that students who received a suspension for a minor infraction were more lik...
Source: American Psychologist - September 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Toward a better understanding of cultural change: Reply to Bao et al. (2022).
Bao et al. (2022) criticize the method, analysis, and conclusion of Hamamura et al. (2021). In this reply, we respond to their three critiques. We trust that this constructive exchange further facilitates our understanding of cultural changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Psychologist)
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Discerning cultural shifts in China? Commentary on Hamamura et al. (2021).
By examining the changes in the conceptual associations between individualism–collectivism and 10 other concepts based on the Google Ngram Chinese Corpus from the 1950s to the 1990s, Hamamura et al. (2021) inferred (a) no rise in individualism; (b) continuing collectivism; and (c) no effect of modernization on individualism in contemporary China. We question the validity of these conclusions given the following issues in their research: (a) misinterpretation of statistical results; (b) improper calculation of cultural associations; and (c) inappropriate generalization of specific findings. Contrary to their original find...
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How deep do we have to go to rehabilitate evolutionary psychology? Reply to Bjorklund et al. (2022).
Disciplines like evolutionary developmental psychology admirably focus on trying to rehabilitate narrow evolutionary psychology (NEP) from within, by adding a developmental focus to NEP’s tenets of adaptationism and computationalism. We argue, however, that these tenets are fundamentally incompatible with taking psychology and its development seriously, and that the kinds of modifications introduced by evolutionary developmental psychologists do not go deep enough to qualitatively change the nondevelopmental outlook of NEP. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: American Psychologist)
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Developing evolutionary psychology: Commentary on Narvaez et al. (2022).
Narvaez et al. (2022), in their article “Evolving Evolutionary Psychology,” argue that mainstream evolutionary psychology is based on misguided neo-Darwinian adaptationist thinking and an antiquated computationalist, “mind-as-computer” framework and offer their own developmentally informed theory as an alternative. While applauding Narvaez et al. for promoting the role of development in evolutionary explication and as a potential metatheory for psychology, we point out that contemporary evolutionary-developmental accounts address the shortcomings of mainstream evolutionary psychology they describe, while maintainin...
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Moral values predict county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates in the United States.
Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the United States has a depressed rate of vaccination relative to similar countries. Understanding the psychology of vaccine refusal, particularly the possible sources of variation in vaccine resistance across U.S. subpopulations, can aid in designing effective intervention strategies to increase vaccination across different regions. Here, we demonstrate that county-level moral values (i.e., Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity) are associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates across 3,106 counties in the contiguous United States. Specifically, in line with ...
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A network analysis of high school and college students’ COVID-19-related concerns, self-regulatory skills, and affect.
We examined associations among 10 pandemic-related concerns, 21 affects, and three self-regulatory skills using cross-sectional online survey data from high school and college students in two regions of the United States (Study 1: N = 392 and Study 2: N = 1,200). Network models of regularized partial correlation networks revealed both equifinal and multifinal pathways between specific COVID-19 concerns and positive and negative affects. In both studies, concern about conflict with parents was the pandemic-related concern most strongly connected to negative affects, mindfulness was most strongly connected to pandemic-relate...
Source: American Psychologist - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Ann Marie O’Roark (1933–2022).
American Psychologist, Vol 77(8), Nov 2022, 973; doi:10.1037/amp0001048Memorializes Ann Marie O’Roark (1933–2022). Ann was a pioneer in applying psychology in consulting and international psychology. She blazed other trails, especially for women, using her strong interpersonal and political skills to help organizations run smoother and better fulfill their missions. Ann frequently instructed in leadership development at the Center for Creative Leadership, the Development Institute at Eckerd College, and the American Management Association’s Executive Effectiveness Course. From 1976 to 2006, she successfully ran her o...
Source: American Psychologist - August 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
