Left ventricular hypertrophy with dysfunction – M-Mode echocardiogram
Left ventricular hypertrophy with dysfunction
M-mode echocardiogram showing gross left ventricular hypertrophy and moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction. Inset shows short axis view of left ventricle demonstrating severe concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. IVS: interventricular septum. LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall. IVSd: interventricular septum in diastole; LVIDd: left ventricular diastolic dimension in diastole; LVPWD: left ventricular posterior wall in diastole; IVSs: interventricular septum in systole; LVIDs: left ventricular internal dimension in systole
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction occ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - April 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Echocardiogram Library Source Type: blogs
Vasovagal syncope, and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
The Swansea City footballer Bafetimbi Gomis collapsed during their recent game against Tottenham Hotspur, and was taken off the pitch on a stretcher, on oxygen. After spending some time in the dressing room he was taken to hospital for tests and later released.For those watching, and especially those on the pitch, it brought back memories of the collapse a few years ago at the same ground of Fabrice Muamba, who recovered but had to retire from the game. Muamba's collapse was due to hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The wall of the heart thickens, and the heart cannot pump blood efficiently. P...
Source: Browsing - March 11, 2015 Category: Databases & Libraries Tags: heart disease syncope Source Type: blogs
Electrocardiographic measures of ventricular repolarization
Brief Review
Abstract: Electrocardiographic measures of ventricular repolarization include QT dispersion, T wave width, spatial QRS-T angle and T peak to T end interval.
Following parameters have been used as electrocardiographic measures of ventricular repolarization:
QT variation between different ECG leads (QT dispersion)
T peak to T end interval (Tp-Te)
T wave width
Spatial angle between QRS and T vectors
QT dispersion
Difference in QT interval between the surface electrocardiographic leads is known as QT dispersion. QT dispersion can be defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT intervals on bod...
Source: Cardiophile MD - January 16, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: ECG / Electrophysiology Source Type: blogs
Triphasic left ventricular filling pattern
Brief Review
Normal left ventricular filling pattern is biphasic with an early diastolic E wave which occurs soon after the opening of the mitral valve and a late diastolic A wave during atrial systole. Normally E wave is taller than A wave, but A wave can be taller in situations of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (E/A reversal). A triphasic left ventricular filling pattern with an additional mid diastolic wave, called T wave 1 by some authors and L wave 2 by others, can occur in situations of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, especially in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A corresponding L’ wave3,4 or T&...
Source: Cardiophile MD - December 16, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Echocardiogram Library Source Type: blogs
What is cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy
Diseases involving the heart muscle are called cardiomyopathy (‘cardio’ stands for heart, ‘myo’ stands for muscle and ‘pathy’ for disease). In general, the term is used to denote primary disease of the heart muscle and not damage to the heart muscle secondary to diseases of the blood vessels or the heart valves.
Common types of cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathies are generally classified into three:
Restrictive
Hypertrophic
Dilated
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
In restrictive cardiomyopathy, there is restriction of filling of the affected ventricle (lower muscular chambers of t...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Heart Disease FAQ Source Type: blogs
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy – echocardiographic profile
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an autosomal dominant disorder with 50% involvement of first degree relatives, though the extend of involvement is variable. The hall mark of the disorder is severe hypertrophy of the left ventricle, even though biventricular forms may be seen rarely. In the obstructive variety of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum compared to the posterior wall is the predominant feature. The hypertrophied septum impinges on the left ventricular outflow tract producing obstruction.
Diastolic frame of echocardiography in parasternal long axis view in hypertrophi...
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Echocardiogram Library Source Type: blogs
Cardiology MCQ 375: Commonest cause of SCD
Commonest cause of SCD:
a) Coronary artery disease
b) Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
c) Severe aortic stenosis
d) Brugada syndrome
["Click here for the answer with explanation", "Correct Answer:"]
a) Coronary artery disease
Commonest cause of SCD is coronary artery disease, contributing to 80% of cases. Read more on SCD…
The post Cardiology MCQ 375: Commonest cause of SCD appeared first on Cardiophile MD. (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - November 2, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis, MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance ECG / Electrophysiology Source Type: blogs
Cardiology MCQ 315: Merlon sign
Merlon sign is seen in:
a) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
b) Pulmonary embolism
c) Right ventricular infarction
d) Endomyocardial fibrosis
["Click here for the answer with explanation", "Correct Answer:"]
d) Endomyocardial fibrosis
Merlon sign in endomyocardial fibrosis is characterized by a hypercontractile basal ventricle opposing an obliterated apex [Merlon sign and square root sign in endomyocardial fibrosis].
The post Cardiology MCQ 315: Merlon sign appeared first on Cardiophile MD. (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - September 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Echocardiogram Library Source Type: blogs
Prolonged (63 minutes) Ventricular Fibrillation, Followed by Unusual Cardiogenic Shock
In this study, 5% of VF arrest was due to PE: V fib is initial rhythm in PE in 3 of 60 cases. On the other hand, if the presenting rhythm is PEA, then pulmonary embolism is likely. When there is VF in PE, it is not the initial rhythm, but occurs after prolonged PEA renders the myocardium ischemic.--Another study by Courtney and Kline found that, of cases of arrest that had autopsy and found that a presenting rhythm of VF/VT had an odds ratio of 0.02 for massive pulmonary embolism as the etiology, vs 41.9 for PEA. (Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog)
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - September 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steve Smith Source Type: blogs
Cardiology MCQ 307: Loeffler endocarditis
Loeffler endocarditis causes:
a) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
b) Dilated cardiomyopathy
c) Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d) None of the above
["Click here for the answer with explanation", "Correct Answer:"]
c) Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Loeffler endocarditis can cause a restrictive cardiomyopathy similar to endomyocardial fibrosis and is associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome. Read more…
The post Cardiology MCQ 307: Loeffler endocarditis appeared first on Cardiophile MD. (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - September 14, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Source Type: blogs
Athletic heart syndrome
It is common knowledge that your muscles become stronger and thicker if you exercise them frequently. The same is true of the heart muscle. Athletic heart (athlete’s heart) is hypertrophy (thickening of the walls) due to the regular physical training. Well trained athletes have a slow heart rate and sometimes lower grades of atrioventricular blocks (block in the conduction of electrical signals from the upper chambers of the heart to the lower chambers) as part of the athletic heart syndrome. Lower resting heart rates in trained athletes prevents undue increase in heart rates with exercise. The opposite is seen a ph...
Source: Cardiophile MD - September 6, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: Heart Disease FAQ Source Type: blogs
MKSAP: 21-year-old man with a heart murmur
Test your medicine knowledge with the MKSAP challenge, in partnership with the American College of Physicians.
A 21-year-old man is evaluated during a medical examination for health insurance. The patient is a weight lifter. He has no medical problems and takes no medications or illicit drugs.
On physical examination, blood pressure is 128/73 mm Hg, pulse rate is 56/min, and respiration rate is 16/min; BMI is 30. Increased skeletal muscle mass is noted. There is no jugular venous distention. Carotid upstrokes are brisk. There is a grade 2/6 early systolic murmur along the left lower sternal border that is accentuated by ...
Source: Kevin, M.D. - Medical Weblog - August 23, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: mksap Tags: Conditions Heart Source Type: blogs
Causes of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most important cause of dynamic LVOT obstruction. In transposition of great arteries (TGA) with intact interventricular septum LVOT obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of mitral valve (SAM) is possible. SAM can also occur transiently following surgery for aortic stenosis and mitral valve repair and cause LVOT obstruction. Dynamic LVOT obstruction is also described as a rare association with myocardial infarction possibly due to SAM. Dobutamine can worsen the LVOT obstruction in this situation. (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - July 28, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: General Cardiology dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction dynamic LVOT obstruction SAM systolic anterior motion of mitral valve TGA Source Type: blogs
Structural heart diseases associated with WPW syndrome
Structural heart diseases associated with WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome) syndrome
Ebstein’s anomaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - July 28, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: General Cardiology Ebstein's anomaly Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mitral valve prolapse Structural heart diseases associated with WPW syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Source Type: blogs
Biventricular outflow obstruction in a child
Noonan syndrome can cause biventricular outflow obstruction due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary stenosis. (Source: Cardiophile MD)
Source: Cardiophile MD - July 28, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis MD, DM, FACC, FRCP Edin, FRCP London Tags: General Cardiology Biventricular outflow obstruction Biventricular outflow obstruction in a child Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Noonan syndrome Pulmonary stenosis Source Type: blogs
