Current evidence for second-line treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma after progression to immune-based combinations

The treatment paradigm of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has radically changed in the last years. The advent of new vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as cabozantinib and lenvatinib, together with the discovery of immuno-oncology (IO) agents as nivolumab, ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, significantly improved survival of mRCC patients [1]. The recent approval of different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) – based combinations as new first-line options redefined the standard of care, replacing monotherapy with VEGF-targeted therapies for treatment-naïve mRCC patients [1].

Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - March 12, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Roberto Iacovelli, Chiara Ciccarese, Giuseppe Procopio, Serena Astore, Maria Antonella Cannella, Maria Grazia Maratta, Mimma Rizzo, Elena Verzoni, Camillo Porta, Giampaolo Tortora Tags: Tumour Review Source Type: research