Exhaled air dispersion and use of oronasal masks with continuous positive airway pressure during COVID-19

We applaud Ferioli et al. [1] for their review of practical measures that can be taken to help protect healthcare workers from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. We urge caution in interpreting data from table 1, which lists maximum air dispersion distance with a variety of oxygen administration and ventilatory support strategies. Reporting that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via oronasal mask at 20 cmH2O has negligible air dispersion is potentially misleading. Much of the data from this table is derived from a series of studies by Hui and co-workers [2–5], in which a human patient simulator was used to model exhaled air dispersion with a variety of supportive devices. With this model, the group measured exhaled air dispersion using a laser to detect particles in distinct zones; the median and paramedian sagittal planes, i.e. directly in front of the simulator. To measure dispersion while wearing CPAP, they measured a specific oronasal mask (Quattro Air, ResMed Inc.), which contains exhaust vent holes that are evenly distributed circularly around the elbow connection point of the air tubing. Thus, exhaled air exits the mask in a continuous, circumferential flow. It is unsurprising that no distinct air jet could be measured in the median sagittal plane (i.e. in the midline, in front of the patient) since airflow is: 1) diverted diffusely (rather than a directed jet); and 2) circumferential (more laterally) with this mask design. T...

Source: European Respiratory Review - August 17, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sullivan, S. S., Gurubhagavatula, I., for the Public Safety Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Tags: Respiratory infections and tuberculosis Correspondence Source Type: research