Microbial contamination and infection risks of narghile besides hazards of tobacco.

CONCLUSION: Water pipes, especially the interior and outer part of the mouthpieces and the handle, are colonized by microbes and pose a risk of infection. Procedures for water pipe hygiene should be developed, periods should be defined, and the owners and employees of establishments and water-pipe smokers should be educated in this regard. Water-pipe smoking is a threat to public health and should be regulated by the state. PMID: 32228822 [PubMed - in process]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32228822?dopt=Abstract

Source: Central European Journal of Public Health - April 2, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Cent Eur J Public Health Source Type: research