Impact of antibiotic gut exposure on the temporal changes in microbiome diversity.

Impact of antibiotic gut exposure on the temporal changes in microbiome diversity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Jul 15;: Authors: Burdet C, Nguyen TT, Duval X, Ferreira S, Andremont A, Guedj J, Mentré F, DAV132-CL-1002 study group Abstract Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, the temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples frequently collected during and up to one month after treatment in 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (N=14) or no intervention (N=8). Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured both in plasma and feces, and bacterial diversity was determined in feces by 16S rRNA gene profiling and quantified using Shannon index and number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Nonlinear mixed-effects models were used to relate drug pharmacokinetics and bacterial diversity over time. Moxifloxacin reduced bacterial diversity in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median maximal loss of 27.5% of the Shannon index (min;max: 17.5;27.7) and 47.4% of the OTUs number (30.4;48.3). As a consequence of both the long fecal half-life of moxifloxacin and the susceptibility of the gut microbiota to moxifloxacin, bacterial diversity indices did not return to their pre-treatment levels until days 16 and 21, respectively. Finally, the model chara...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - Category: Microbiology Authors: Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research