The role of sexual hormones on the entero-insular axis.

The role of sexual hormones on the entero-insular axis. Endocr Rev. 2019 May 10;: Authors: Handgraaf S, Philippe J Abstract Sex steroid estrogens, androgens, and progesterone, produced by the gonads which have long been considered as endocrine glands, are implicated in sexual differentiation, puberty, and reproduction. However, the impact of sexual hormones goes beyond these effects through their role on energy metabolism. Indeed, sexual hormones are important physiological regulators of glucose homeostasis and, in particular of the entero-insular axis. In this review, we describe the roles of estrogens, androgens, and progesterone on glucose homeostasis, through their effects on pancreatic alpha and beta-cells as well as on entero-endocrine L-cells and their implication in hormonal biosynthesis and secretion. The analysis of their mechanisms of action with the dissection of the receptors implicated in the several protective effects could provide some new aspects of the fine tuning of hormonal secretion under the influence of the gender. This knowledge paves the way to the understanding of transgender physiology and new potential therapeutics in the field of type 2 diabetes. PMID: 31074764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrine Reviews - Category: Endocrinology Tags: Endocr Rev Source Type: research