Parental smoking during pregnancy and head shape and size in school children.

CONCLUSION: Smoking-induced chronic hypoxic effects on the growing foetus, indicated that both active and passive smoking during pregnancy seems to have persistent negative effects on children, going beyond foetal development and pre-natal growth restrictions. PMID: 30328722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Human Biology - Category: Biology Tags: Ann Hum Biol Source Type: research