Inflammation Markers in Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Pediatric Population

We present our current knowledge concerning the potential relationship between these cytokines, inflammation, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population.Recent FindingsPro-inflammatory cytokines related to insulin resistance and MetS in children are tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF- α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon gamma, pigment epithelium-derived factor, chemerin, vaspin, and fetuin A. Anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with insulin resistance and MetS in children are leptin, adiponectin, omentin, fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-21, osteocalcin, and irisin. These anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased (adiponectin, omentin, and osteocalcin) or increased (leptin, FGF-21, and irisin) in obesity suggesting a resistance state. TNF- α, fetuin A, and FGF-21 are altered in obese children with T2DM suggesting an involvement in β cell failure.SummaryThese cytokines, adipokines, and hepatokines may be able to predict development of MetS and T2DM and have a potential therapeutic target ameliorating insulin resistance.
Source: Current Diabetes Reports - Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research