Gypenosides Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment in Rats.

Gypenosides Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:4183670 Authors: Lee B, Shim I, Lee H Abstract Neuroinflammation is deliberated a major factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. Gypenosides (GPS) have pharmacological properties with multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and protective properties. In the present study, whether GPS could improve cognitive dysfunction and chronic inflammation caused by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the hippocampus was investigated. Effects of GPS on inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and the downstream mechanisms of these effects were also examined. Induction of LPS into the lateral ventricle caused inflammatory reactions and memory impairment on the rats. Every day treatment of GPS (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days attenuated spatial recognition, discrimination, and memory deficits. GPS treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) levels in the brain. Furthermore, GPS reduced LPS-induced elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA level. Collectively, these results showed that GPS may improve cognitive function and provide a po...
Source: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Category: Complementary Medicine Tags: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Source Type: research