Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 secretion, decrease COX-2 expression and down-regulate cytosolic NF- κB levels

This study investigated the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties ofT. ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts by evaluating their inhibition of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages using multiplex bead immunoassays and ELISA assays. The methanolic extracts were particularly good immune-modulators, significantly inhibiting the secretion of all the cytokines and chemokines tested. Indeed, the methanolic extracts completely inhibited IL-10, IFN- γ, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2a secretion, and almost completely inhibited the secretion of TNF-α. In addition, the methanolicT. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly inhibited cytosolic COX-2 levels (by 87 –95%) and the synthesis of the PGE2 (by  ~ 98%). In contrast, the methanolic extracts stimulated LTB4 secretion by  ~ 60–90%, whilst the aqueous extracts significantly inhibited LTB4 secretion (by  ~ 27% each). Exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to the methanolicT. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly down-regulated the cytosolic levels of NF- κB by 33–44%, indicating that the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts may be regulated via a decrease in NF-κB transcription pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties for the extracts and provide insights into their ant i-inflammatory mechanisms.
Source: Inflammopharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research