Injectable macroporous naturally ‐derived apatite bone cement as a potential trabecular bone substitute

In this study, we have formulated a novel apatite bone cements derived from natural sources (i.e. eggshell and fishbone) with improved qualities that is, porosity, resorbability, biological activity, and so forth. The naturally-derived apatite bone cement (i.e. FBDEAp) was prepared by mixing hydroxyapatite (synthesized from fishbone) and tricalcium phosphate (synthesized from eggshell) as a solid phase with a liquid phase (a dilute acidic blend of cement binding accelerator and biopolymers like gelatin and chitosan) with polysorbate (as liquid porogen) to get a desired bone cement paste. The prepared cement paste sets within the clinically acceptable setting time ( ≤20 min), easily injectable (>85%) through hands and exhibits physiological pH stability (7.3 –7.4). The pure apatite phased bone cement was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The FBDEAp bone cement possesses acceptable compressive strength (i.e. 5–7 MPa) within trabecular bone range and is resorbable up to 28% in simulated body fluid s olution within 12 weeks of incubation at physiological conditions. The FBDEAp is macroporous in nature (average pore size ~50–400 μm) with interconnected pores verified by SEM and micro-CT analyses. The FBDEAp showed significantly increased MG63 cell viability (>125% after 72  h), cell adhesion, proliferation, and key osteogenic genes expression levels (up to 5–13 folds) compared to the synthetically derive...
Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials - Category: Materials Science Authors: Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research